TABLE 2.
Nutritional biomarker levels according to baseline diagnosis and clinical progression
| Baseline diagnosis | N | All | N | All | N | SCD | N | SCD | N | MCI | N | MCI | N | AD | N | AD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progression (–/+) | – | + | – | + | – | + | – | + | ||||||||
| Serum HDL, mmol/L | 318 | 1.33 ± 0.41 | 145 | 1.33 ± 0.39 | 161 | 1.28 ± 0.40 | 22 | 1.30 ± 0.39 | 71 | 1.35 ± 0.42 | 41 | 1.32 ± 0.42 | 86 | 1.42 ± 0.43 | 82 | 1.34 ± 0.38 |
| Serum LDL, mmol/L | 318 | 2.41 ± 0.82 | 145 | 2.62 ± 0.93 | 161 | 2.33 ± 0.83 | 22 | 2.85 ± 0.90* | 71 | 2.45 ± 0.85 | 41 | 2.39 ± 0.77 | 86 | 2.54 ± 0.78 | 82 | 2.67 ± 0.99 |
| Serum total cholesterol, mmol/L | 318 | 4.39 ± 1.04 | 145 | 4.59 ± 1.16 | 161 | 4.28 ± 1.08 | 22 | 4.85 ± 1.24 | 71 | 4.41 ± 1.10 | 41 | 4.24 ± 0.94 | 86 | 4.59 ± 0.92 | 82 | 4.69 ± 1.21 |
| Serum triglycerides, mmol/L | 318 | 1.46 ± 0.95 | 145 | 1.43 ± 0.75 | 161 | 1.53 ± 1.06 | 22 | 1.55 ± 0.75 | 71 | 1.38 ± 0.76 | 41 | 1.18 ± 0.51 | 86 | 1.38 ± 0.87 | 82 | 1.52 ± 0.82 |
| Plasma glucose, nmol/L | 350 | 7.08 ± 1.91 | 164 | 7.16 ± 2.02 | 176 | 6.92 ± 1.75 | 21 | 7.07 ± 2.07 | 84 | 7.25 ± 2.16 | 44 | 7.15 ± 2.34 | 90 | 7.24 ± 1.95 | 99 | 7.18 ± 1.87 |
| Plasma homocysteine, μmol/L | 314 | 12.33 ± 3.63 | 143 | 13.16 ± 3.75* | 158 | 11.58 ± 3.27 | 22 | 11.65 ± 2.26 | 70 | 12.99 ± 3.50 | 41 | 13.23 ± 3.39 | 86 | 13.20 ± 4.09 | 80 | 13.54 ± 4.16 |
| Serum folate, nmol/L | 352 | 19.03 ± 9.77 | 164 | 17.90 ± 8.86 | 178 | 19.83 ± 11.06 | 21 | 16.76 ± 6.30 | 84 | 18.45 ± 8.43 | 44 | 17.61 ± 8.57 | 90 | 18.00 ± 8.01 | 99 | 18.26 ± 9.48 |
| Serum vitamin B12, pmol/L | 351 | 372 ± 398 | 164 | 333 ± 224 | 177 | 364 ± 382 | 21 | 305 ± 187 | 84 | 359 ± 306 | 44 | 325 ± 151 | 90 | 398 ± 496 | 99 | 342 ± 258 |
| CSF SAM, nmol/L | 198 | 169 ± 37 | 86 | 164 ± 39 | 91 | 166 ± 34 | 13 | 169 ± 44 | 48 | 176 ± 48 | 24 | 156 ± 46 | 59 | 166 ± 32 | 49 | 167 ± 33 |
| CSF SAH, nmol/L | 198 | 15.79 ± 5.01 | 87 | 16.56 ± 6.27 | 91 | 14.96 ± 4.84 | 13 | 18.56 ± 9.83 | 48 | 16.75 ± 4.87 | 25 | 15.72 ± 5.64 | 59 | 16.30 ± 5.25 | 49 | 16.46 ± 5.37 |
| Plasma vitamin A, μmol/L | 314 | 2.18 ± 0.52 | 143 | 2.11 ± 0.47 | 158 | 2.19 ± 0.49 | 22 | 2.05 ± 0.44 | 70 | 2.17 ± 0.52 | 41 | 2.03 ± 0.43 | 86 | 2.18 ± 0.58 | 80 | 2.16 ± 0.50 |
| Plasma vitamin E, μmol/L | 314 | 35.66 ± 8.27 | 143 | 35.53 ± 7.92 | 158 | 35.02 ± 8.42 | 22 | 36.14 ± 6.66 | 70 | 35.61 ± 8.68 | 41 | 34.27 ± 7.75 | 86 | 36.87 ± 7.56 | 80 | 36.02 ± 8.33 |
| Plasma uridine, nmol/L | 308 | 4216 ± 1348 | 143 | 3957 ± 1176 | 156 | 4146 ± 1291 | 22 | 4290 ± 1449 | 67 | 4404 ± 1632 | 41 | 4386 ± 1163 | 85 | 4196 ± 1197 | 80 | 3646 ± 1009* |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; SAH, S‐adenosylhomocysteine; SAM, S‐adensoylmethionine; SCD, subjective cognitive decline.
Notes: Data in mean ± SD, groups were compared on their outcome (stable vs progression) in the total cohort and within subgroups of their baseline syndrome diagnosis (SCD/MCI/AD).
*P <.05 values correspond to t‐tests on log‐tranformed nutritional biomarker levels