TABLE 4.
Cox proportional hazard models for the association of nutritional biomarkers with clinical progression in predementia stages in two independent cohorts restricting the definition of clinical progression to progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia
| All | SCD | MCI | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline diagnosis | N | Model 1 | Model 2 | N | Model 1 | Model 2 | N | Model 1 | Model 2 |
| HDL | 586 | 1.24 (1.03–1.49)* | 1.31 (1.04–1.64)* | 325 | 1.14 (0.84–1.54) | 1.48 (1.02–2.15)* | 261 | 1.38 (1.09–1.76)* | 1.23 (0.92–1.66) |
| LDL | 586 | 1.06 (0.87–1.28) | 1.08 (0.88–1.33) | 325 | 1.13 (0.8–1.62) | 1.11 (0.75–1.64) | 261 | 1.08 (0.86–1.36) | 1.03 (0.81–1.3) |
| Total cholesterol | 586 | 1.07 (0.88–1.3) | 1.1 (0.88–1.36) | 325 | 1.2 (0.85–1.68) | 1.23 (0.85–1.79) | 261 | 1.07 (0.84–1.37) | 0.96 (0.74–1.26) |
| Triglycerides | 586 | 0.87 (0.72–1.05) | 0.86 (0.7–1.06) | 325 | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) | 0.87 (0.61–1.24) | 261 | 0.76 (0.59–0.97)* | 0.79 (0.61–1.02) |
| Glucose | 517 | 1.21 (0.99–1.49) | 1.19 (0.96–1.47) | 296 | 1.31 (0.92–1.87) | 1.22 (0.82–1.82) | 221 | 1.12 (0.87–1.43) | 1.13 (0.89–1.45) |
| Homocysteine | 568 | 1.21 (1.01–1.47)* | 1.05 (0.84–1.3) | 311 | 1.14 (0.82–1.58) | 0.87 (0.59–1.28) | 257 | 1.11 (0.87–1.43) | 1.25 (0.96–1.62) |
| Folate | 618 | 0.99 (0.81–1.2) | 1 (0.83–1.21) | 341 | 1.2 (0.84–1.74) | 1.2 (0.83–1.74) | 277 | 0.94 (0.76–1.16) | 0.91 (0.73–1.14) |
| Vitamin B12 | 544 | 1.02 (0.83–1.27) | 1.02 (0.82–1.25) | 296 | 1.18 (0.82–1.68) | 1.05 (0.72–1.53) | 248 | 0.95 (0.73–1.25) | 0.93 (0.7–1.22) |
| CSF SAM | 466 | 0.86 (0.7–1.04) | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) | 245 | 1.11 (0.77–1.62) | 1.23 (0.85–1.79) | 221 | 0.76 (0.61–0.94) | 0.72 (0.58–0.9)* |
| CSF SAH | 468 | 1.06 (0.87–1.29) | 0.87 (0.7–1.09) | 246 | 1.31 (0.95–1.79) | 1.01 (0.72–1.42) | 222 | 0.77 (0.57–1.03) | 0.74 (0.54–1)* |
| Vitamin A | 582 | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 1.05 (0.85–1.28) | 322 | 1.1 (0.79–1.52) | 1.07 (0.76–1.51) | 260 | 0.94 (0.75–1.18) | 1.07 (0.83–1.39) |
| Vitamin E | 582 | 1.04 (0.86–1.27) | 1.07 (0.87–1.31) | 322 | 1.11 (0.79–1.56) | 1.1 (0.77–1.56) | 260 | 1.09 (0.86–1.38) | 0.99 (0.77–1.28) |
| Uridine | 571 | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 0.99 (0.83–1.2) | 316 | 1.05 (0.77–1.42) | 1.09 (0.8–1.48) | 255 | 0.94 (0.74–1.19) | 0.91 (0.72–1.15) |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; SAM, S‐adesonsylmethionine; SAH, S‐adenosylhomocysteine; SCD, subjective cognitive decline.
Notes: Cox proportional hazard model 1 adjusted for cohort, model 2 adjusted for cohort, age, sex and lipid–lowering medication and in total group also for diagnosis. Data are presented as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval). Nutritional markers were log‐transformed and converted to z‐scores prior to analysis.
*P <.05