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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Dent. 2020 Nov 15;42(6):470–475.

Table 1:

Demographics and Oral Health-Related Behaviors for Participants Completing the Temperament Questionnaire

N (%)

Study Site Enrollment Duke University 44 (11%)
Indiana University 177 (43%)
University of Iowa 187 (46%)

Total 408 (100%)

Child Sex Female 197 (48%)
Male 211 (52%)

Caregiver education College degree or higher 223 (55%)
Some college 96 (24%)
High school or less 88 (22%)
unknown 1 (<1%)

Medicaid Yes 204 (50%)
No 197 (48%)
unknown 7 (2%)

Child Race/Ethnicity Black 110 (27%)
Hispanic 42 (10%)
Multiracial/Other 44 (11%)
White 212 (52%)

How often does an adult brush your child’s teeth? [response at age 1 year] Daily 211 (52%)
Weekly/Monthly/Never 163 (40%)
No Teeth 34 (8%)

Does your child usually (throughout the day) drink from a bottle or sippy cup? [response at age 1 year] Yes 383 (94%)
No 25 (6%)

How often does your child go to sleep while nursing or while drinking something other than water from a bottle/sippy cup? [response at age 1 year] Daily 166 (41%)
Weekly/Monthly/Never 242 (59%)

How often does your child typically drink tap water - including filtered water from the refrigerator? [response at age 1 year] Daily 250 (61%)
Weekly/Monthly/Never 158 (39%)


Have you (caregiver) had cavities, fillings and/or teeth pulled in the last two years? [response at age 1 year] Yes 225 (55%)
No 177 (43%)
Missing 6 (1%)

How often do your (caregiver) gums bleed when you brush? [response at age 1 year] Daily 30 (7%)
Weekly/Monthly/Never 372 (91%)
Missing 6 (1%)