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. 2020 Dec 30;14(3):389–416. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.025

Table 8.

Gender response to vaccines.

Gender Efficacy
of vaccination		 Reasons References
Female High Immunological, hormonal, genetic and microbiome differences of Steroid hormones. [246,247]
Male Low High levels of testosterone. [251]