Replication of VSV-WT (A) and VSV-M51R (B) in fibroblasts from a healthy control (C1) or patients with UNC-93B or STAT1 deficiency, cultured in the presence or absence of neutralizing antibodies against IFN-α, -β, and -λ (IFN Nab). (C) CXCL10 mRNA levels in unstimulated fibroblasts after treatment with IFN NAb for 24 hours. (D) IFN-β and IFN-λ1 (IL-29) mRNA levels in TLR3–/– fibroblasts transfected with WT TLR3, measured by RT-qPCR and normalized against GUS expression. Replication of VSV-WT (E) and VSV-M51R (F) in TLR3–/– fibroblasts stably transfected with empty vector (+EV) or WT TLR3 (+TLR3). Replication of VSV-WT (G) and VSV-M51R (H) in UNC-93B–/– fibroblasts stably transfected with empty vector or WT UNC-93B (+UNC-93B). Representative results are shown for 3 (A, B, E–H) or 2 (C–D) independent experiments. The error bars indicate SDs of biological triplicates (C, D) or the SEM of biological triplicates (A, B, E–H). P values were obtained through log transformation followed by 1-way ANOVA and subsequent Tukey’s multiple comparison tests, and the respective P values are indicated. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.