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. 2020 Dec 17;8:604946. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.604946

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Copyright © 2020 Lin, Lee, Chang and Huang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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SCLCs were assembled into three-dimensional (3D) spheroids to enhance their therapeutic potential. Immunofluorescence evaluation of the expression of (A) SC markers S100 and GFAP, (B) extracellular matrix proteins laminin and collagen, and (C) neurotrophic factor BDNF and proangiogenic factor VEGF. Scale bars: 100 μm. (D) The concentrations of BDNF and VEGF in the collected 3D SCLC spheroids or SCLC suspensions obtained using conventional trypsinization were determined by ELISA (n = 6, mean ± s.d.). (E) The attachment and proliferation of 3D SCLC spheroids or SCLC suspensions that were harvested and transferred to culture plates were evaluated by using immunofluorescence staining. Scale bars: 100 μm. (F) The spreading of 3D SCLC spheroids over culture plate as time progressed. Scale bars: 1 mm; scale bar in zoom box: 100 μm. ****p < 0.001.