Fig. 1.

(A) A sampling of methods for GF delivery used to influence transplanted or host cells for tissue engineering. Various biomaterials have been utilized for tissue engineering applications, driven by application or tissue type. ECM components are commonly utilized for their cell instructive nature and capacity for GF retention. Materials can be further altered to tune the presentation of GFs and increase their effectiveness. (B) Combinations of these biomaterials, either synthetic or naturally derived, coupled with an ECM component regulate spatiotemporal GF presentation. Inclusion of ECM improves molecular feedback between cells and the matrix by engaging integrin signaling which may potentiate GF signaling.