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. 2020 Dec 17;11:587176. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.587176

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Copyright © 2020 Mao, Li, Feng, Liu, Tian, Bian, Li, Hu, Zhang, Ji and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bufei Jianpi formula (BJF) restored mitochondrial respiration in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-exposed L6 cells. (A) Schematic representation of the mitochondrial functional assay, and (B) mitochondrial respiration under CSE conditions. L6 cells were treated with 10% CSE, 10% CSE +10% BJF-containing serum, or 10% CSE + 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) for 24 h. The cells were then switched to unbuffered Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium supplemented with pyruvate, followed by real-time analysis of oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Analysis of (C) basal respiration, (D) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, (E) proton leak, and (F) maximal respiration. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗p < 0.05 vs. control group; ^## p < 0.01, ^# p < 0.05 vs. model group; ^ΔΔ P < 0.01, ^Δ P < 0.05 vs. BJF group.