Table 4.

Generalized linear model analysis of chronotype and depressive symptoms.

Chronotype	PHQ-9
	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
M-types	1.00	1.00
N-types	1.38 (1.01–1.88)a	1.33 (0.96–1.84)
E-types	2.48 (1.60–3.85)b	2.36 (1.49–3.73)a

Adjusted for age, gender, major, sleep quality, self-reported study burden, father's education level, and self-reported family economy.

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.001 compared with the referent.