Table 2.
Ingredient composition and proximate analysis of the experimental diets.
| Control | Nanno15 | Chlo15 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingredients (%) | |||
| Fishmeala | 15.0 | – | – |
| Nannochloropsisb | – | 15.0 | - |
| Chlorellac | – | – | 15.0 |
| Soy protein concentrated | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 |
| Pea protein concentratee | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Wheat glutenf | 6.0 | 12.3 | 12.5 |
| Corn gluteng | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 |
| Soybean meal 48h | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| Rapeseed meali | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| Wheat mealj | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.1 |
| Faba beans (low tannins)k | 10.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Fish oill | 5.8 | 5.2 | 4.8 |
| Rapeseed oilm | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 |
| Vitamin and mineral premixn | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Betaine HClo | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Soy lecithin (powder)p | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Binderq | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Antioxidant powderr | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Sodium propionates | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Monoammonium phosphate (MAP)t | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| L-Lysineu | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| L-Threoninev | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| DL-Methioninew | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Proximate analysis (% dry weight) | |||
| Dry matter (DM) | 92.2 | 87.9 | 87.1 |
| Crude protein | 49.6 | 49.1 | 51.8 |
| Crude fat | 20.3 | 19.9 | 18.9 |
| Ash | 7.0 | 6.0 | 8.3 |
| Gross energy (KJ g-1 DM) | 22.5 | 23.0 | 22.2 |
| Fatty acid composition (% of total fatty acids) | |||
| Σ SFA | 17.0 | 17.6 | 16.7 |
| Σ MUFA | 48.2 | 47.2 | 47.3 |
| Σ n-6 | 17.42 | 18.23 | 19.45 |
| Σ n-3 | 14.9 | 14.4 | 13.9 |
| Ratios | |||
| n-6/n-3 | 1.17 | 1.27 | 1.40 |
| SAT/PUFA | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.50 |
NORVIK 70: 70.6% crude protein (CP), 5.8% crude fat (CF), Sopropêche, France.
Freeze-dried biomass: proximal composition described in Table 1, Buggy Power, Madeira Island, Portugal.
Soycomil: 63% CP, 0.8% CF, ADM, The Netherlands.
Lysamine: 86% CP, 1% CF, ROQUETTE Frères, France.
VITAL: 83.7% CP, 1.6% CF, ROQUETTE Frères, France.
61% CP, 6% CF, COPAM, Portugal.
Solvent extracted dehulled soybean meal: 47% CP, 2.6% CF, CARGILL, Spain.
Defatted rapeseed meal: 37.7% CP, 2.3% CF, Premix Lda, Portugal.
10.2% CP; 1.2% CF, Casa Lanchinha, Portugal.
Faba beans: 28.5% CP; 1.2% CF, Ribeiro & Sousa Cereais, Portugal.
SAVINOR UTS, Portugal.
Henry Lamotte Oils GmbH, Germany.
PREMIX Lda, Portugal: Vitamins (IU or mg/kg diet): DL-alpha tocopherol acetate, 100 mg; sodium menadione bisulphate, 25 mg; retinyl acetate, 20,000 IU; DL-cholecalciferol, 2,000 IU; thiamin, 30 mg; riboflavin, 30 mg; pyridoxine, 20 mg; cyanocobalamin, 0.1 mg; nicotinic acid, 200 mg; folic acid, 15 mg; ascorbic acid, 500 mg; inositol, 500 mg; biotin, 3 mg; calcium panthotenate, 100 mg; choline chloride, 1,000 mg, betaine, 500 mg. Minerals (g or mg/kg diet): copper Sulfate, 9 mg; ferric Sulfate, 6 mg; potassium iodide, 0.5 mg; manganese oxide, 9.6 mg; sodium selenite, 0.01 mg; zinc Sulfate,7.5 mg; sodium chloride, 400 mg; excipient wheat middling's.
ORFFA, The Netherlands.
Lecico P700IPM, LECICO GmbH, Germany.
Kieselguhr, LIGRANA GmbH, Germany.
Paramega PX, Kemin Europe NV, Belgium.
Disproquímica, Portugal.
Windmill AQUAPHOS: 26% P, Aliphos, The Netherlands.
L-Lysine HCl 99%: Ajinomoto Eurolysine SAS, France.
ThreAMINO 98.5%, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Germany.
DL-METHIONINE FOR AQUACULTURE 99%, EVONIK Nutrition & Care GmbH, Germany.
SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; n−3 LC-PUFA, n−3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.