Table 6.

Detailed comparison of the proposed method with the-state-of-art methods

Model	Overall Accuracy for Task 1	Overall Accuracy for Task 2	Classification Type	Number of Cases	Data Sets Used	Type of Images
Togacar et al. (29)	—	99.27%	• Normal, Pneumonia and COVID-19	295 COVID-19(+) 458 Pneumonia 65 Normal	COVID-19 image data collection (8)	Chest X-ray images
Lin et al. (19)	96%	—	• Normal, Pneumonia and COVID-19	1296 COVID-19(+) 1735 Pneumonia 1325 Normal	6 different hospitals (19)	Chest CT images
Ozturk et al. (22)	98.08%	87.02%	• Healthy, Not healthy • Normal, Pneumonia and COVID-19	127 COVID-19(+) 500 pneumonia 500 normal	COVID-19 image data collection (8) and ChestX-ray8 (35)	Chest X-ray images
Loey et al. (20)	99.9%	85.2%	• Healthy, Not healthy • Normal, Pneumonia and COVID-19	307 COVID-19(+) 307 Pneumonia 307 Normal	COVID-19 image data collection (8) and Data set by Kermany et al. (18)	Chest X-ray images
Apostolopoulos et al. (4)	—	96.78%	• Normal, Pneumonia and COVID-19	224 COVID-19(+) 714 Pneumonia 504 Normal	COVID-19 image data collection (8) and COVID-19 X-rays (8a)	Chest X-ray images
Hemdan et al. (15)	—	90%	• Normal, Pneumonia and COVID-19	25 COVID-19(+) 25 Normal	COVID-19 image data collection (8)	Chest X-ray images
Wang and Wong (32)	—	92.4%	• Normal, Pneumonia and COVID-19	53 Covıd-19(+) 5526 Covid-19(−) 8066 Healthy	COVID-19 image data collection (8), COVID-19 Chest X-ray Data set initiative (34), RSNA Pneumonia Detection Challenge (22a), Actualmed COVID-19 Chest X-ray Data set Initiative (33) and (23)	Chest X-ray images
Proposed Method	98.92%	98.27%	• Healthy, Not healthy • Normal, Pneumonia and COVID-19	1524 COVID-19(+) 1524 Normal 1527 Pneumonia	COVID-19 image Data Collection (8), Chest X-Ray images (21), ChestX-ray8 (23), COVID-19 Radiography Database (35), Data set by Kermany et al. (18) and COVID-19 X-rays (8a)	Chest X-ray images