Table 4.
Characteristics of cross-sectional studies (N = 6)
| Study | No. schools | Type of schools | Size of schools | Non-pharmaceutical interventions (school) | School cluster outbreak (Yes/ No) | Sampling method | Provider testing/ self-testing | Testing method | Follow-up modality | Follow-up frequency | No. index case | Type of Index case | Age | Gender | Participants (N) | SARS-CoV-2 positive cases (n) | Positivity rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Torres 2020 [23] |
1 |
school community with 14 grade levels |
2934 |
school closed |
Yes |
serum samples |
self-testing |
anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies |
NA |
NA |
1 |
staff |
>18 |
NA |
1240 |
139 |
0.11 |
| Armann 2020 [24] |
13 |
secondary school |
NA |
NA |
Yes |
serum samples |
provider testing |
anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
2045 |
12 |
0.01 |
| Desmet 2020 [25] |
8 |
daycare center |
NA |
NA |
No |
nasopharyngeal swabs |
provider testing |
real- time RT-PCR |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
84 |
0 |
0.00 |
| Fontanet 2020 [11] |
1 |
high school |
1262 |
NA |
Yes |
serum samples |
provider testing |
anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies |
NA |
NA |
2 |
staff |
>18 |
NA |
661 |
171 |
25.87 |
| Fontanet 2020 [12] |
6 |
primary school |
1098 |
NA |
Yes |
serum samples |
provider testing |
anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
1340 |
139 |
10.37 |
| Stein-Zamir 2020 [22] | 1 | high school | 1352 | daily health reports; hygiene; facemasks; social distancing; minimal interaction between classes | Yes | NA | provider testing | real- time RT-PCR | NA | NA | 2 | pupil | <18 | NA | 1312 | 178 | 13.57 |
NA – not available