Figure 4.

Mitochondrial damage and GY supplementation. Mouse retinal microvessels were employed to quantify (a) mtDNA damage by extended length PCR by quantifying relative amplification of 10 kb and 117 bp products; lower ratio represents more damage. The gene transcripts of (b) Cytb) and (c) ND6 were quantified by real time qRT-PCR using 18sRNA as a housekeeping gene. Values are represented as mean ± SD from six mice/group, with each measurement made in duplicate. *P < 0.05 versus normal and #P < 0.05 vs. diabetes.