Table 2. Information and Changing Trend of Potential Biomarkers in the Rat Serum^a,b.

							trend
no.	metabolite	t R/min	mass-to-charge ratio	type	HMDB	KEGG	MCAO/Sham	Nuci-H/MCAO
1	l-lactic acid	0.7254	89.0518	[M – H]−	HMDB0000190	C00256	↑*	↓###
2	hydroxyphenylacetylglycine	1.371	208.0887	[M – H]−	HMDB0000735	C05596	↓*	↓#
3	isobutyrylglycine	1.4258	144.0955	[M – H]−	HMDB0000730	/	↑**	↓##
4	N-methylnicotinium	1.4638	176.067	[M – H]−	HMDB0001009	/	↓*	↓#
5	N2-succinyl-l-ornithine	2.8724	231.1036	[M – H]−	HMDB0001199	C03415	↓*	↓#
6	sebacic acid	3.315	201.0502	[M – H]−	HMDB0000792	C08277	↑**	↓##
7	linoleic acid	4.8949	279.1474	[M – H]−	HMDB0000673	C01595	↑***	↑###
8	tauroursodeoxycholic acid	5.1969	498.2942	[M – H]−	HMDB0000874	/	↓*	↑#
9	sphingosine 1-phosphate	7.9323	378.2575	[M – H]−	HMDB0000277	C06124	↓**	↑###
10	sphinganine 1-phosphate	8.2826	380.2727	[M – H]−	HMDB0001383	C01120	↓***	↑###
11	2-hydroxyestradiol-3-methyl ether	9.9301	303.2521	[M + H]+	HMDB0000380	/	↓**	↑###
12	glutamylphenylalanine	9.9338	293.2015	[M – H]−	HMDB0029156	/	↓***	↓###
13	vitamin D2 3-glucuronide	10.4886	571.3343	[M – H]−	HMDB0010344	/	↓***	↑###
14	neoxanthin	10.8794	599.3139	[M – H]−	HMDB0003020	C08606	↓***	↑###
15	stearoylcarnitine	11.4485	428.3842	[M + H]+	HMDB0000848	/	↓***	↑#
16	glucosylgalactosyl hydroxylysine	12.3866	485.2889	[M – H]−	HMDB0000585	/	↑**	↑##
17	docosahexaenoic acid	12.5321	327.2532	[M – H]−	HMDB0002183	C06429	↑*	↑##
18	petroselinic acid	12.8482	282.301	[M + H]+	HMDB0002080	C08363	↓***	↑###
19	oxoglutaric acid	13.9886	144.952	[M – H]−	HMDB0000208	C00026	↑***	↓###

^aNote: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus the sham group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 versus the MCAO group. The treads of biomarkers were expressed with (↓) downregulated and (↑) upregulated.

^bFC > 1 showed that the content of metabolites in the MCAO group was higher than that in the sham group, and vice versa. Compared with the MCAO group, the situation of Nuci-H group was the same as above.