TABLE 1.
Subject characteristics.
| Variables: | Healthy subjects n = 15 | Type 2 diabetes n = 17 |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 61 ± 6 | 63 ± 12 |
| No. of males | 7 | 15 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23 ± 2 | 32 ± 5*** |
| BP, mmHg | ||
| Systolic | 130 ± 19 | 137 ± 13 |
| Diastolic | 81 ± 7 | 83 ± 9a |
| Fasting glucose, mM | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 11.2 ± 3.8*** |
| No. of smokers | 0 | 1 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 35 ± 2 | 69 ± 23***a |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 142 ± 9 | 146 ± 18 |
| Creatinine, mmol/L | 78 ± 14 | 94 ± 36a |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.1*a |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.5 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.4* |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2*** |
| LDL, mmol/L | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 1.0** |
| Comorbidity (n): | ||
| CAD | 0 | 2 |
| Retinopathy | 0 | 2 |
| Neuropathy | 0 | 3 |
| Nephropathy | 0 | 1 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0 | 1 |
| Medication (n): | ||
| ACEi/ARB | 0 | 8 |
| Aspirin | 0 | 6 |
| Lipid lowering | 0 | 13 |
| β-blockers | 0 | 2 |
| Calcium channel i | 0 | 6 |
| Insulin | 0 | 10 |
| Metformin | 0 | 16 |
| GLP1 analogue | 0 | 2 |
| DDP-4i | 0 | 2 |
| SU | 0 | 3 |
| SGLT2i | 0 | 3 |
ACEi = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; CAD: coronary artery disease; DPP-4i = dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; GLP-1 = glucagon like peptide-1; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SGLT2i = sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitor; SU = sulfonylurea. Values are mean ± SD; *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001 vs. healthy subjects.
a
Analyzed by Mann-Whitney; the remaining parameters were analyzed by unpaired t-test.