Table 1.

Manifestations and Effects of Anaphylaxis.

Target organs	Manifestation
Skin/mucosal tissue	Warmth, flushing, swelling, widespread erythema, angioedema, itchiness, and hives
Respiratory system	Coughing, shortness of breath, rhinitis, wheezing/bronchospasm, chest pain or tightness, tightening of throat, and difficulty swallowing
Cardiovascular system	Faint, pale, or blue color; hypotension; lightheadedness (presyncope); syncope; weak pulse; dysrhythmias; angina; and shock
Gastrointestinal system	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, and cramps
Central nervous system	Headache, confusion, anxiety, altered level of consciousness, tunnel vision, feeling of impending doom, and seizure

Adapted from Esquivel and Busse (2017); Greenberger, Wallace, Lieberman, and Gregory, (2017); Tam and John (2017).