Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients with invasive fusariosis, Spain, 2000–2015*.
| Variables | Total | Nonneutropenic | Neutropenic | p value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total |
58 (100.0) |
14 (100.0) |
44 (100.0) |
|
| Sex | ||||
| M | 34 (58.6) | 8 (57.1) | 26 (59.1) | 0.9 |
| F |
24 (41.4) |
6 (42.9) |
18 (40.9) |
0.9 |
| Median age, y (IQR) |
51 (31–67) |
67 (38–79) |
45 (28–65) |
0.05‡ |
| Treatment history (previous 30 d) | ||||
| Antifungal | 37 (63.8) | 5 (35.7) | 32 (72.7) | 0.01 |
| Corticosteroid | 22 (37.9) | 6 (42.9) | 16 (36.4) | 0.66 |
| Persistent neutropenia |
23 (39.7) |
0 |
23 (52.3) |
|
| Concurrent conditions | ||||
| Hematologic malignancy | 46 (79.3) | 5 (35.7) | 41 (93.2) | <0.01§ |
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 20 (34.5) | 1 (7.1) | 19 (43.2) | |
| Acute lymphoid leukemia | 8 (13.8) | 0 | 8 (18.2) | |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 5 (8.6) | 2 (14.3) | 3 (6.8) | |
| Aplastic anemia | 4 (6.9) | 0 | 4 (9.1) | |
| Multiple myeloma | 3 (5.2) | 2 (14.3) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Myelodysplasia | 2 (3.4) | 0 | 2 (4.5) | |
| Chronic lymphoid leukemia | 2 (3.4) | 0 | 2 (4.5) | |
| Chronic myeloid leukemia | 1 (1.7) | 0 | 1 (2.3) | |
| Hodgkin´s lymphoma | 1 (1.7) | 0 | 1 (2.3) | |
| History of hematopoietic stem cell transplant | 14 (24.1) | 3 (21.4) | 11 (25.0) | 1.00§ |
| Allogenic | 9 (15.5) | 1 (7.1) | 8 (18.2) | |
| Autologous | 4 (6.9) | 2 (14.3) | 2 (4.5) | |
| Cord blood haploidentical | 1 (1.7) | 0 | 1 (2.3) | |
| Graft-versus-host disease | 5 (8.6) | 1 (7.1) | 4 (9.1) | 1.00§ |
| Acute | 3 (5.2) | 0 | 3 (6.8) | |
| Chronic | 2 (3.4) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Solid tumor | 2 (3.4) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (2.3) | 0.43§ |
| History of solid organ transplant | 4 (6.9) | 3 (21.4) | 1 (2.3) | 0.04§ |
| Other¶ |
10 (17.2) |
5 (35.7) |
1 (2.3) |
<0.01§ |
| Clinical manifestations | ||||
| Fever | 48 (82.8) | 8 (57.1) | 40 (90.9) | <0.01§ |
| Skin lesions | 32 (55.2) | 3 (21.4) | 29 (65.9) | <0.01 |
| Lung involvement | 41 (70.7) | 9 (64.3) | 32 (72.7) | 0.74§ |
| Sinusitis | 9 (15.5) | 1 (7.1) | 8 (18.2) | 0.43§ |
| Blindness |
4 (6.9) |
0 |
4 (9.1) |
0.56§ |
| Concurrent infection | 31 (53.4) | 6 (42.9) | 25 (56.8) | 0.36 |
| Bacterial | 17 (29.3) | 2 (14.3) | 15 (34.1) | 0.18§ |
| Fungal | 4 (6.9) | 1 (7.1) | 4 (9.1) | 0.56§ |
| Viral | 6 (10.3) | 3 (21.4) | 3 (6.8) | 0.15§ |
| Polymicrobial |
4 (6.9) |
1 (7.1) |
3 (6.8) |
1.00§ |
| Type of fusariosis | ||||
| Localized | 19 (32.8) | 10 (71.4) | 9 (20.5) | <0.01§ |
| Cutaneous, localized | 3 (5.2) | 1 (7.1) | 2 (4.5) | 1.00§ |
| Pneumonia | 8 (13.8) | 5 (35.7) | 3 (6.8) | 0.02§ |
| Sinusitis | 1 (1.7) | 0 | 1 (2.3) | 1.00§ |
| Fungemia | 7 (12.1) | 4 (28.6) | 3 (6.8) | 0.05§ |
| Disseminated |
39 (67.2) |
4 (28.6) |
35 (79.5) |
<0.01§ |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| Culture | 31 (53.4) | 12 (85.7) | 19 (43.2) | <0.01 |
| Culture and histopathology | 25 (43.1) | 2 (14.3) | 23 (52.3) | 0.01 |
| Histopathology | 2 (3.4) | 0 | 2 (4.5) | 1.00 |
*Values are no. (%), except where indicated. †p values obtained by χ2 test, except where indicated. ‡Determined by Mann-Whitney U test. §Determined by Fisher exact test. ¶Other conditions reported include hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, chronic cardiac disease, T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and infantile respiratory distress syndrome.