Table 3. Estimated number of treat-and-release emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths from domestically acquired waterborne transmission in 2014 for selected infectious diseases, United States* .
| Disease or syndrome | Treat-and-release ED visits† |
Hospitalizations |
Deaths |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total visits (95% CrI) | Domestic waterborne visits (95% CrI) | % Admitted to hospital | Total stays (95% CrI) | Domestic waterborne stays (95% CrI) | % Deaths | Total deaths (95% CrI) | Domestic waterborne deaths (95% CrI) | |||
| Campylobacteriosis | 2,900 (1,620–4,630) | 319 (31–966) | 19.5 | 19,300 (8,790–34,900) | 2,150 (192–6,900) | 0.2 | 242 (0–1,150) | 27 (0–146) | ||
| Cryptosporidiosis | 1,260 (742–1,880) | 492 (167–957) | 19.2 | 2,870 (439–8,060) | 1,120 (102–3,550) | 0.3 | 61 (0–320) | 24 (0–136) | ||
| Giardiasis | 1,460 (902–2,090) | 567 (185–1,120) | 7.9 | 2,830 (1,760–4,070) | 1,100 (364–2,180) | <0.1 | 4 (0–11) | 1 (0–5) | ||
| Legionnaires’ disease | 691 (316–1,220) | 667 (289–1,200) | 98.1 | 11,200 (8,750–13,300) | 10,800 (7,280–13,100) | 9.0 | 1,030 (762–1,330) | 995 (655–1,310) | ||
| NTM infection | 7,150 (5,110–9,620) | 5,080 (2,560–7,750) | 74.8 | 72,400 (57,300–89,700) | 51,400 (26,800–74,100) | 5.5 | 5,350 (4,020–6,920) | 3,800 (1,950–5,620) | ||
| Norovirus | 429,000‡ (318,000–605,000) | 26,300‡ (105–106,000) | 0.4 | 78,100 (58,500–104,000) | 4,780 (19–19,300) | <0.1 | 885 (742–1,120) | 54 (0–219) | ||
| Otitis externa | 726,000 (466,000–994,000) | 567,000 (337,000–823,000) | 0.9 | 29,700 (19,200–40,600) | 23,200 (13,900–33,600) | <0.1 | 280 (144–452) | 219 (107–367) | ||
| Pseudomonas pneumonia | 580 (321–902) | 291 (75–552) | 97.2 | 30,800 (18,700–44,700) | 15,500 (4,130–28,100) | 4.6 | 1,450 (786–2,420) | 730 (185–1,460) | ||
| Pseudomonas septicemia | 164 (36–326) | 36 (2–106) | 97.2 | 25,300 (16,300–34,800) | 5,590 (722–14,000) | 12.1 | 3,140 (1,990–4,430) | 695 (89–1,740) | ||
| Salmonellosis, nontyphoidal | 3,410 (2,100–4,900) | 194 (15–671) | 28.4 | 26,600 (11,400–52,800) | 1,520 (100–5,660) | 0.5 | 421 (0–1,140) | 24 (0–103) | ||
| STEC infection, serotype O157 | 252 (92–465) | 12 (2–35) | 38.5 | 2,640 (487–7,630) | 138 (14–503) | 0.7 | 36 (0–314) | 2 (0–17) | ||
| STEC infection, serotype non-O157 | 75 (12–171) | 4 (0–16) | 16.0 | 1,420 (264–3,810) | 74 (0–308) | 0.2 | 16 (0–184) | 1 (0–12) | ||
| Shigellosis |
1,650
(540–2,870) |
64
(5–311) |
|
24.4 |
6,380
(929–20,300) |
245
(12–1,140) |
|
0.1 |
26
(0–218) |
1
(0–9) |
| Vibrio spp. infection | 366 (122–700) | 76 (14–166) | NA | 782 (567–1,030) | 251 (153–362) | NA | 113 (67–156) | 60 (27–92) | ||
| V. alginolyticus | NA§ | NA§ | 15.9 | 74 (38–141) | 26 (8–58) | 0.8 | 4 (0–11) | 1 (0–5) | ||
| V. parahaemolyticus | NA§ | NA§ | 22.3 | 264 (136–410) | 60 (16–112) | 1.4 | 16 (7–32) | 4 (1–9) | ||
| V. vulnificus | NA§ | NA‡ | 85.4 | 213 (147–297) | 161 (79–241) | 28.8 | 72 (38–104) | 54 (24–85) | ||
| Other Vibrio
|
NA§ |
NA§ |
|
42.5 |
231
(134–350) |
5
(0–46) |
|
3.8 |
20
(11–33) |
0
(0–4) |
| Total | 1,180,000 (877,000–1,490,000) | 601,000 (364,000–866,000) | NA | 310,000 (263,000–360,000) | 118,000 (86,800–150,000) | NA | 13,100 (10,600–15,900) | 6,630 (4,520–8,870) | ||
*Estimates rounded to 3 significant figures. CrI, credible interval; ED, emergency department; NA, not applicable; NTM, nontuberculous mycobacterial; STEC, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli. †Treat-and-release ED visits were defined as visits in which the person was not admitted to the hospital. ‡For norovirus infection only, ED visits in which the person was admitted to the hospital were included, for consistency with previous published estimates. §No International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification, codes are available for Vibrio spp. infections, only a general code for “Vibriosis and cholera.” ED visit estimates relied on administrative data that used these codes, and thus are presented only for Vibrio infection overall.