Table 1. Acute rheumatic fever initial hospitalizations and adjusted rate ratios for patients <30 years of age, according to key sociodemographic characteristics, New Zealand, 2000–2018*.
| Category | No. cases | Crude rate of ARF at initial hospitalization/100,000 population | aRR (95% CI) | RR in 2010–2018 vs. 2000–2009 (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age† | ||||
| <5 | 35 | 0.62 | 0.18 (0.13–0.25) | 0.42 (0.20–0.88) |
| 5–9 | 768 | 13.45 | 4.10 (3.57–4.70) | 1.01 (0.88–1.17) |
| 10–14 | 1,184 | 20.55 | 6.58 (5.77–7.51) | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) |
| 15–19 | 308 | 5.27 | 1.81 (1.54–2.13) | 1.29 (1.03–1.62) |
| 20–29 |
276 |
2.27 |
Referent |
1.86 (1.45–2.38) |
| Sex‡ | ||||
| M | 1,493 | 8.60 | 1.34 (1.24–1.45) | 1.09 (0.99–1.21) |
| F |
1,078 |
6.42 |
Referent |
1.18 (1.05–1.33) |
| Ethnicity (prioritized)§ | ||||
| Māori | 1257 | 16.77 | 11.84 (10.02–13.98) | 1.09 (0.98–1.22) |
| Pacific Islander | 1124 | 38.12 | 23.57 (19.88–27.94) | 1.30 (1.16–1.47) |
| Asian | 23 | 0.55 | 0.64 (0.41–0.99) | 0.41 (0.18–0.98) |
| European and other |
167 |
0.86 |
Referent |
0.61 (0.44–0.84) |
| Socioeconomic deprivation level¶ | ||||
| 1–2 | 61 | 1.06 | Referent | 0.63 (0.38–1.05) |
| 3–4 | 128 | 2.16 | 1.65 (1.21–2.23) | 0.85 (0.60–1.20) |
| 5–6 | 160 | 2.51 | 1.60 (1.19–2.25) | 0.91 (0.67–1.24) |
| 7–8 | 405 | 5.57 | 2.58 (1.96–3.38) | 1.31 (1.08–1.59) |
| 9–10 |
1,817 |
20.58 |
5.21 (4.01–6.75) |
1.16 (1.06–1.27) |
| District health board# | ||||
| Northland | 206 | 17.36 | 7.56 (4.39–13.02) | 1.10 (0.84–1.45) |
| Counties Manukau, South Auckland | 909 | 21.67 | 7.37 (4.32–12.53) | 1.23 (1.08–1.41) |
| Tairawhiti, Gisborne | 63 | 16.01 | 5.47(3.06–9.80) | 1.45 (0.88–2.39) |
| South Island, 5 DHBs |
67 |
0.91 |
Referent |
1.21 (0.71–1.88) |
| Total | 2,571 | 7.53 | 1.13 (1.04–1.22) | |
*An additional 181 (6.6% of total) cases occurred among persons >30 years of age during 2000–2018. aRR, adjusted rate ratio; DHB, district health board; RR, rate ratio. †RR adjusted for sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic deprivation. ‡RR adjusted for age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic deprivation. §RR adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic deprivation. ¶RR adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. #RR adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic deprivation; 3 DHBs highest incidence and 1 DHB with lowest incidence shown. A full list of DHBs is provided in Appendix Table 1).