Table 2. Rheumatic heart disease initial hospitalization rates and adjusted rate ratios for patients <70 years of age according to key sociodemographic characteristics, New Zealand, 2000–2018*.
| Characteristics | No. cases | Crude rate of RHD at initial hospitalization/100,000 population | aRR (95% CI) | RR in 2010–2018 vs. 2000–2009 (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y† | ||||
| 0–9 | 154 | 1.35 | Referent | 1.53 (1.11–2.11) |
| 10–19 | 322 | 2.77 | 2.21 (1.82–2.68) | 1.51 (1.21–1.88) |
| 20–29 | 164 | 1.47 | 1.30 (1.04–1.62) | 0.95 (0.69–1.29) |
| 30–39 | 208 | 1.87 | 1.83 (1.49–2.26) | 0.81 (0.62–1.07) |
| 40–49 | 420 | 3.60 | 3.84 (3.19–4.62) | 1.07 (0.88–1.30) |
| 50–59 | 678 | 6.69 | 7.66 (6.43–9.14) | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) |
| 60–69 |
957 |
12.87 |
15.66 (13.18–18.61) |
1.13 (1.00–1.29) |
| Sex‡ | ||||
| M | 1,405 | 3.74 | 1.12 (1.04–1.21) | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) |
| F |
1,498 |
4.06 |
Referent |
1.04 (0.93–1.15) |
| Ethnicity§ | ||||
| Māori | 892 | 7.30 | 3.21 (2.93–3.52) | 1.24 (1.09–1.42) |
| Pacific Islander | 574 | 11.60 | 4.62 (4.16–5.15) | 1.28 (1.08–1.51) |
| Asian | 123 | 1.47 | 0.71 (0.59–0.86) | 0.80 (0.56–1.14) |
| European and other |
1,314 |
2.68 |
Referent |
0.95 (0.86–1.10) |
| Socioeconomic deprivation level¶ | ||||
| 1–2 | 222 | 1.60 | Referent | 0.79 (0.60–1.02) |
| 3–4 | 324 | 2.34 | 1.42 (1.20–1.68) | 0.85 (0.68–1.05) |
| 5–6 | 441 | 3.05 | 1.76 (1.49–2.06) | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) |
| 7–8 | 642 | 4.15 | 2.19 (1.88–2.55) | 1.12 (0.56–1.31) |
| 9–10 |
1,274 |
7.58 |
3.10 (2.67–3.60) |
1.21 (1.09–1.36) |
| District health board# | ||||
| Northland | 150 | 5.57 | 1.32 (1.03–1.69) | 0.94 (0.68–1.29) |
| Counties Manukau, South Auckland | 478 | 5.70 | 1.44 (1.16–1.78) | 1.05 (0.88–1.26) |
| Tairawhiti, Gisborne | 90 | 11.13 | 2.38 (1.79–3.16) | 1.73 (1.12–2.66) |
| Hutt Valley, Wellington | 107 | 4.33 | 1.51 (1.15–1.97) | 1.38 (0.94–2.03) |
| Southern, South Island |
110 |
2.14 |
Referent |
1.11 (0.76–1.61) |
| Total | 2,903 | 3.90 | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) | |
*An additional 2,212 (43.2% of total) cases occurred among persons >70 years of age during 2000–2018. aRR, adjusted rate ratio; DHB, district health board; RHD, rheumatic heart disease; RR, rate ratio. †RR adjusted for sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic deprivation. ‡RR adjusted for age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic deprivation. §RR adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic deprivation. ¶RR adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. #RR adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic deprivation; 4 highest incidence DHBs, and the 1 lowest DHB shown. A full list of DHBs is provided in Appendix Table 1).