This work is licensed under a Table 2.
Standard transformed serum n-6 PUFAs, desaturase and elongase activity between DR and DM.
| Training set | Testing set | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DM (n = 49) | DR (n = 49) | P-value | DM (n = 20) | DR (n = 20) | P-value | |
| n-6 PUFAs | ||||||
| 18:2 n-6 (LA) | 0.4 (−0.2, 0.9) | −0.6 (−1.0, −0.3) | <0.001 | 0.5 (−0.2, 1.6) | −0.4 (−0.7, −0.2) | <0.001 |
| 18:3 n-6 (GLA) | 0.1 (−0.5, 0.8) | −0.5 (−0.9, −0.2) | <0.001 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | −0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.005 |
| 20:2 n-6 (EDA) | 0.1 (−0.6, 0.7) | −0.5 (−0.8, −0.1) | 0.002 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | −0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.007 |
| 20:3 n-6 (DGLA) | −0.2 (−0.5, 0.4) | −0.4 (−0.7, −0.2) | 0.008 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | −0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.001 |
| 20:4 n-6 (AA) | −0.1 (−0.6, 0.8) | −0.3 (−0.9, −0.0) | 0.028 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | −0.2 ± 0.8 | 0.016 |
| Total n-6 PUFAs | 0.4 (−0.2, 0.9) | −0.6 (−1.0, −0.3) | <0.001 | 0.5 (−0.2, 1.6) | −0.4 (−0.7, −0.2) | <0.001 |
| Desaturase and elongase activity | ||||||
| ∆6-desaturase activity | −0.3 (−0.7, 0.5) | −0.3 (−0.9, 0.3) | 0.738 | 0.1 ± 0.8 | 0.2 ± 0.9 | 0.832 |
| Elongase activity | −0.3 (−0.7, 0.1) | −0.1 (−0.6, 0.3) | 0.156 | −0.2 (−0.4, 0.3) | −0.1 (−0.6, 0.1) | 0.433 |
| ∆5-desaturase activity | −0.0 ± 1.1 | 0.2 ± 0.8 | 0.344 | −0.4 (−0.9, −0.1) | −0.4 (−0.6, 0.6) | 0.204 |
Data obeying normal or similar normal distribution were described as mean ± standard deviation (s.d.) and the paired t-test was applied to compare the differences between the two groups. Otherwise, median (1st quartile, 3rd quartile) and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used. Total n-6 PUFA is the sum of LA, GLA, EDA, DGLA and AA. ∆6-desaturase activity = GLA/LA; elongase activity = DGLA/GLA; ∆5-desaturase activity = AA/DGLA.
AA, arachidonic acid;DGLA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid;DM, type 2 diabetes (T2D) without diabetic retinopathy; DR, T2D with diabetic retinopathy;EDA, eicosadienoic acid;GLA, gamma-linolenic acid; LA, linoleic acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid.