Table 1. Patient characteristics.
| Variable | HbA1c > 7 | HbA1c ≤ 7 | P-value | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 367 | 333 | 700 | |
| SDSCA.10 (mean (sd)) | 4.20(1.59) | 5.47(1.64) | <0.001 | 4.80(1.73) |
| DMSES.10 (mean (sd)) | 4.44(1.81) | 7.50(1.76) | <0.001 | |
| DK.10 (mean (sd)) | 5.68(1.93) | 5.38(2.07) | 0.051 | 5.53(2.00) |
| Sex: Female (%) | 254(69.2) | 238(71.5) | 0.568 | 492(70.3) |
| Age (mean (sd)) | 63.13(10.83) | 67.40(10.63) | <0.001 | 65.16(10.94) |
| Marital status (%) | 0.003 | |||
| Single | 21(5.7) | 36(10.8) | 57(8.1) | |
| Married | 262(71.4) | 200(60.1) | 462(66.0) | |
| WDS | 84(22.9) | 97(29.1) | 181(25.9) | |
| Education (%) | 0.030 | |||
| No formal | 15(4.1) | 32(9.6) | 47(6.7) | |
| Primary | 209(56.9) | 172(51.7) | 381(54.4) | |
| Secondary | 78(21.3) | 68(20.4) | 1.46(20.9) | |
| Bachelors+ | 65(17.7) | 61(18.3) | 126(18.0) | |
| Monthly Income (%) | 0.033 | |||
| <5K (<150USD) | 147(40.1) | 171(51.4) | 318(45.4) | |
| 5–9.99K (151-300USD) | 55(15.0) | 40(12.0) | 95(13.6) | |
| 10–14.99K (301-450USD) | 54(14.7) | 32(9.6) | 86(13.2) | |
| 15–24.99KK (451-750USD) | 54(14.7) | 42(12.6) | 96(13.7) | |
| > = 25+K (> = 751USD) | 57(15.5) | 48(14.4) | 105(15.0) | |
| Province: KK (%) | 93(25.3) | 44(13.2) | <0.001 | 137(19.6) |
| Religion: Non Buddhist (%) | 85(23.2) | 72(21.6) | 0.691 | 157(22.4) |
| DM duration (mean (sd)) | 13.65(7.95) | 13.41(8.77) | 0.701 | 13.53(8.34) |
| DM treatment (%) | <0.001 | |||
| None | 3(0.8) | 9(2.7) | 12(1.7) | |
| OHA | 162(44.1) | 247(74.2) | 409(58.4) | |
| Insulin | 66(18.0) | 28(8.4) | 94(13.4) | |
| OHA+Insulin | 136(37.1) | 49(14.7) | 185(26.4) | |
| Smoking (%) | 0.680 | |||
| Never | 311(84.7) | 278(83.5) | 589(6.7) | |
| Previous | 46(12.5) | 42(12.6) | 88(12.6) | |
| Current | 10(2.7) | 13(3.9) | 23(3.3) | |
| Alcohol (%) | 0.687 | |||
| Never | 294(80.1) | 275(82.6) | 569(81.3) | |
| Previous | 49(13.4) | 40(12.0) | 89(12.7) | |
| Current | 24(6.5) | 18(5.4) | 42(6.0) | |
| BMI class (%) | 0.350 | |||
| <18.5 | 11(3.0) | 9(2.7) | 20(2.9) | |
| 18.5–24.9 | 136(37.1) | 145(43.5) | 281(40.1) | |
| 25–29.9 | 122(33.2) | 95(28.5) | 217(31.0) | |
| ≥30 | 98(26.7) | 84(25.2) | 182(260) | |
| Comorbidities (%) | 341(92.9) | 317(95.2) | 0.267 | 658(94.0) |
| DM Family history (%) | 180(49.0) | 150(45.0) | 0.325 | 330(47.1) |
| Hospital size: small (%) | 172(46.9) | 129(38.7) | 0.036 | 301(43.0) |
p-values from t-test for continuous variables, and chi-square tests of independence for categorical variables.