Table 3. Four different models of blood-glucose control in terms of different combinations of the diabetes knowledge, management self-efficacy and self-management predictors.
| Effect | ORModel1 | ORModel2a | ORModel2b | ORModel3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SDSCA10 | 1.69(1.49, 1.91)*** | 1.11(0.95, 1.29) | 1.69(1.50, 1.91)*** | 1.11(0.95, 1.29) |
| DMSE10 | - | 2.68(2.20, 3.26)*** | - | 2.67(2.20, 3.25)*** |
| DK10 | - | - | 0.94(0.83, 1.06) | 0.96(0.84, 1.11) |
| Age (10 years) | 1.34(1.08, 1.65)** | 1.40(1.10, 1.78)* | 1.31(1.05, 1.62)* | 1.38(1.08, 1.76)* |
| Marital status | χ2 = 4.78 | χ2 = 5.70 | χ2 = 4.81 | χ2 = 5.64 |
| Married | 0.49(0.25, 0.96) | 0.43(0.20, 0.91)* | 0.49(0.24, 0.96) | 0.43(0.20, 0.91)* |
| WDS | 0.59(0.28, 1.27) | 0.57(0.25, 1.32) | 0.60(0.28, 1.29) | 0.57(0.25, 1.32) |
| Education | χ2 = 3.80 | χ2 = 2.69 | χ2 = 2.40 | χ2 = 2.02 |
| Primary | 0.49(0.23, 1.07) | 0.55(0.24, 1.31) | 0.54(0.24, 1.21) | 0.59(0.24, 1.43) |
| Secondary | 0.49(0.20, 1.17) | 0.62(0.23, 1.64) | 0.57(0.22, 1.43) | 0.68(0.24, 1.94) |
| Bachelor+ | 0.42(0.16, 1.11) | 0.45(0.15, 1.33) | 0.51(0.18, 1.44) | 0.51(0.16, 1.67) |
| Monthly income | χ2 = 6.49 | χ2 = 9.67* | χ2 = 6.27 | χ2 = 9.44 |
| 5–9.99K (151-300USD) | 1.05(0.59, 1.85) | 0.83(0.44, 1.58) | 1.05(0.59, 1.86) | 0.83(0.44, 1.58) |
| 10–14.9K (301-450USD) | 0.56(0.30, 1.03) | 0.42(0.21, 0.84)* | 0.57(0.31, 1.05) | 0.43(0.21, 0.86) |
| 15–24.9K (451-750USD) | 0.59(0.32, 1.09) | 0.44(0.22, 0.90)* | 0.61(0.33, 1.12) | 0.45(0.22, 0.91) |
| ≥25K (>750USD) | 0.94(0.47, 1.90) | 0.82(0.37, 1.83) | 0.96(0.49, 1.99) | 0.85(0.38, 1.90) |
| Province (KK) | 0.50(0.30, 0.83)** | 0.46(0.26, 0.82)* | 0.48(0.29, 0.80)** | 0.45(0.25, 0.80)** |
| T2D duration (5years) | 0.91(0.80, 1.03) | 0.93(0.80, 1.08) | 0.91(0.80, 1.03) | 0.93(0.80, 1.08) |
| T2D treatment | χ2 = 66.97*** | χ2 = 20.10*** | χ2 = 65.77*** | χ2 = 19.79*** |
| OHA | 0.51(0.11, 2.35) | 0.89(0.16, 4.98) | 0.54(0.12, 2.45) | 0.91(0.16, 5.13) |
| Insulin | 0.11(0.02, 0.52)** | 0.30(0.05, 1.81) | 0.11(0.02, 0.55)** | 0.31(0.05, 1.86) |
| OHA+Insulin | 0.11(0.02, 0.53)** | 0.34(0.06, 1.98) | 0.12(0.03, 0.56)** | 0.35(0.06, 2.06) |
| Smoking | χ2 = 4.782 | χ2 = 5.413 | χ2 = 4.715 | χ2 = 5.244 |
| Previous | 1.78(0.72, 4.39) | 1.93(0.70, 5.31) | 1.79(0.72, 4.43) | 1.93(0.70, 5.28) |
| Current | 3.34(1.05, 10.62)* | 3.91(1.16, 13.20)* | 3.29(0.04, 10.41) | 3.82(1.13, 12.93) * |
| Alcohol | χ2 = 0.998 | χ2 = 0.112 | χ2 = 1.07 | χ2 = 0.121 |
| Previous | 0.63(0.25, 1.57) | 0.84(0.30, 2.35) | 0.61(0.24, 1.55) | 0.84(0.30, 2.34) |
| Current | 0.81(0.34, 1.91) | 0.96(0.36, 2.59) | 0.81(0.34, 1.92) | 0.97(0.36, 2.60) |
| BMI | χ2 = 2.883 | χ2 = 6.703 | χ2 = 3.029 | χ2 = 6.819 |
| <18.5 | 0.57(0.18, 1.80) | 0.40(0.12, 1.41) | 0.55(0.18, 1.74) | 0.39(0.11, 1.39) |
| 25–29.9 | 0.98(0.64, 1.52) | 0.97(0.59, 1.57) | 0.96(0.62, 1.49) | 0.96(0.58, 1.56) |
| 30+ | 1.33(0.82, 2.15) | 1.62(0.94, 2.78) | 1.31(0.81, 2.13) | 1.61(0.93, 2.77) |
| Comorbidity | 1.35(0.62, 2.91) | 1.57(0.64, 3.88) | 1.36(0.63, 2.94) | 1.58(0.64, 3.89) |
| Family history | 1.02(0.70, 1.50) | 1.34(0.87, 2.07) | 1.05(0.71, 1.54) | 1.36(0.87, 2.09) |
| Hospital size | 0.97(0.62, 1.51) | 1.03(0.63, 1.69) | 0.93(0.60, 1.46) | 1.01(0.61, 1.66) |
Note: χ2 = Likelihood ratio test;
***p<0.001,
**p<0.01,
*p<0.05
Model 1 Effect of Diabetes self-management adjusted only for patient characteristics,
Model 2a Effect of Diabetes self-management adjusted for diabetes management self-efficacy and patient characteristics,
Model 2b Effect of Diabetes self-management adjusted for diabetes knowledge and patient characteristics, and
Model 3 Effect of Diabetes self-management adjusted for both diabetes management self-efficacy, diabetes knowledge along with patient characteristics
All four models are adjusted for all other patient characteristics.