Table 2. Median plasma-PFAS concentrations (25th, 75th percentiles) in ng/mL by population characteristics.
| PFAS (ng/mL) median (25th,75th percentile) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population characteristics | n (%) | PFBA | PFHXS | PFOA | PFOS | PFNA |
| Total | 323 (100) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.04) | 0.48 (0.28, 0.71) | 0.77 (0.43, 1.18) | 4.86 (2.85, 8.29) | 0.38 (0.23, 0.59) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 30–39 | 37 (11) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.03) | 0.32 (0.19, 0.46) | 0.59 (0.43, 0.86) | 3.30 (1.89, 5.27) | 0.29 (0.21, 0.43) |
| 40–49 | 64 (20) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.03) | 0.35 (0.15, 0.57) | 0.58 (0.35, 0.89) | 3.11 (2.24, 5.06) | 0.27 (0.19, 0.39) |
| 50–59 | 106 (33) | <LOD (<LOD, <LOD) | 0.50 (0.31, 0.75) | 0.83 (0.43, 1.18) | 5.41 (2.79, 8.84) | 0.40 (0.24, 0.61) |
| 60–70 | 116 (36) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.05) | 0.56 (0.39, 0.89) | 0.97 (0.56, 1.51) | 6.11 (3.83, 9.60) | 0.48 (0.30, 0.70) |
| p-value a | 0.008 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 174 (54) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.04) | 0.59 (0.40, 0.87) | 0.81 (0.51, 1.26) | 5.96 (3.65, 10.17) | 0.40 (0.25, 0.61) |
| Female | 149 (46) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.04) | 0.35 (0.17, 0.52) | 0.70 (0.40, 1.04) | 3.43 (2.06, 5.66) | 0.36 (0.22, 0.56) |
| p-value b | 0.713 | <0.001 | 0.011 | <0.001 | 0.131 | |
| Kidney disease | ||||||
| yes | 34 (11) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.06) | 0.55 (0.34, 0.77) | 0.91 (0.54, 1.46) | 5.60 (3.08, 8.38) | 0.50 (0.24, 0.67) |
| no | 289 (89) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.03) | 0.47 (0.28, 0.71) | 0.76 (0.43, 1.15) | 4.76 (2.82, 8.10) | 0.36 (0.23, 0.57) |
| p-value b | 0.040 | 0.466 | 0.065 | 0.489 | 0.141 | |
| Other chronic disease | ||||||
| Yes | 220(68) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.04) | 0.47 (0.28, 0.68) | 0.71 (0.42, 1.15) | 4.70 (2.87, 7.99) | 0.38 (0.23, 0.57) |
| No | 103 (32) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.03) | 0.51 (0.28, 0.76) | 0.87 (0.47, 1.23) | 5.35 (2.72, 8.41) | 0.41 (0.23, 0.65) |
| p-value b | 0.075 | 0.314 | 0.124 | 0.850 | 0.407 | |
| National origin | ||||||
| Western Europe | 224 (69) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.04) | 0.52 (0.35, 0.76) | 0.91 (0.60, 1.29) | 5.61 (3.40, 9.18) | 0.43 (0.29, 0.64) |
| Other | 99 (31) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.04) | 0.34 (0.16, 0.57) | 0.44 (0.31, 0.80) | 2.86 (1.61, 5.13) | 0.23 (0.16, 0.36) |
| p-value b | 0.552 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Place of inclusion | ||||||
| Odense | 48 (15) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.06) | 0.45 (0.32, 0.69) | 0.67 (0.42, 0.95) | 4.67 (3.29, 8.09) | 0.36 (0.24, 0.45) |
| Copenhagen | 275 (85) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.03) | 0.48 (0.28, 0.72) | 0.79 (0.44, 1.20) | 4.89 (2.72, 8.31) | 0.39 (0.23, 0.62) |
| p-value b | 0.003 | 0.967 | 0.203 | 0.697 | 0.299 | |
| Timing of blood sampling | ||||||
| After diagnosis—1 week before | 193 (60) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.04) | 0.48 (0.30, 0.71) | 0.70 (0.40, 1.11) | 4.63 (2.83, 7.65) | 0.34 (0.23, 0.56) |
| >1 week—1 year before | 46 (14) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.03) | 0.45 (0.21, 0.66) | 0.82 (0.38, 1.35) | 4.81 (2.36, 8.62) | 0.38 (0.20, 0.65) |
| > 1year before diagnosis | 84 (26) | <LOD (<LOD, 0.03) | 0.50 (0.30, 0.72) | 0.87 (0.57, 1.22) | 5.48 (3.10, 10.28) | 0.45 (0.28, 0.65) |
| p-value a | 0.185 | 0.756 | 0.085 | 0.209 | 0.053 | |
a Variables with more than two categories tested using Kruskal-Wallis rank test.
b Binary variables tested using Wilcoxon rank-sum test.