Table 1. Patients’ characteristics and pairwise comparison with Bonferroni-adjusted p value.
| Variable | White | Black | Hispanic | Asian | Others | Bonferroni-adjusted p value (Compared to White) | Hispanics vs. Non-Hispanics | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 109,653) | (N = 13,020) | (N = 23,223) | (N = 6,980) | (N = 1,942) | Black | Hispanic | Asian | ||
| Age, Mean (SD) | 54.4 (10.2) | 51.6 (12.2) | 53.7 (10.4) | 54.8 (11.1) | 52.0 (11.0) | <.001 | <.001 | 0.003 | <.001 |
| Female, N (%) | 37941 (35%) | 5558 (43%) | 8805 (38%) | 2306 (33%) | 849 (44%) | <.001 | <.001 | 0.077 | <.001 |
| Albumin, Mean (SD) | 3.1 (0.67) | 2.9 (0.75) | 3.0 (0.68) | 3.3 (0.78) | 3.0 (0.67) | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Serum Creatinine, Mean (SD) | 1.2 (1.00) | 1.5 (1.59) | 1.3 (1.14) | 1.2 (1.19) | 1.3 (1.23) | <.001 | 0.377 | 0.008 | <.001 |
| Dialysis, N (%) | 4203 (4%) | 872 (7%) | 1452 (6%) | 323 (5%) | 124 (6%) | <.001 | <.001 | 0.009 | <.001 |
| Encephalopathy 3–4, N (%) | 7756 (7%) | 1211 (9%) | 1514 (7%) | 463 (7%) | 198 (10%) | <.001 | 0.026 | 1.000 | <.001 |
| BMI, Mean (SD) | 28.8 (5.8) | 28.6 (6.1) | 29.3 (5.7) | 25.2 (4.4) | 29.9 (6.2) | <.001 | <.001 | <.0001 | <.001 |
| Morbid obesity, N (%) | 4507 (4%) | 611 (5%) | 1046 (5%) | 43 (1%) | 125 (6%) | 0.016 | 0.061 | <.001 | <.001 |
| DM type II, N (%) | 19844 (19%) | 2306 (18%) | 5841 (26%) | 1471 (22%) | 457 (24%) | 1.000 | <.001 | <.0001 | <.001 |
| MELD, Mean (SD) | 17.4 (8.9) | 19.6 (10.7) | 17.9 (9.4) | 16.2 (10.6) | 19.1 (9.9) | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| PVT, N (%) | 5018 (5%) | 350 (3%) | 1233 (6%) | 252 (4%) | 124 (7%) | <.001 | <.001 | 0.003 | <.001 |
| Poor performance status (KPS 10–40), N (%) | 17127 (19%) | 2586 (24%) | 4241 (22%) | 1158 (20%) | 424 (25%) | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Diagnosis | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| HCC, N (%) | 19238 (18%) | 2649 (20%) | 4370 (19%) | 2218 (32%) | 351 (18%) | ||||
| ALD+HCV, N (%) | 5632 (5%) | 615 (5%) | 1426 (6%) | 45 (1%) | 84 (4%) | ||||
| ALD, N (%) | 19584 (18%) | 823 (6%) | 4021 (17%) | 370 (5%) | 373 (19%) | ||||
| HCV, N (%) | 23208 (21%) | 3766 (29%) | 5528 (24%) | 945 (14%) | 368 (19%) | ||||
| HBV, N (%) | 1572 (1%) | 511 (4%) | 262 (1%) | 1570 (22%) | 82 (4%) | ||||
| AIH, N (%) | 2386 (2%) | 666 (5%) | 743 (3%) | 105 (2%) | 62 (3%) | ||||
| CC, N (%) | 5897 (5%) | 355 (3%) | 1544 (7%) | 242 (3%) | 81 (4%) | ||||
| Metabolic, N (%) | 2038 (2%) | 68 (1%) | 161 (1%) | 49 (1%) | 24 (1%) | ||||
| NASH, N (%) | 10559 (10%) | 211 (2%) | 1883 (8%) | 205 (3%) | 184 (9%) | ||||
| PBC, N (%) | 3120 (3%) | 271 (2%) | 715 (3%) | 92 (1%) | 64 (3%) | ||||
| PSC, N (%) | 4563 (4%) | 820 (6%) | 258 (1%) | 107 (2%) | 35 (2%) | ||||
| Others, N (%) | 11857 (11%) | 2265 (17%) | 2312 (10%) | 1032 (14%) | 295(12%) | ||||
| Socioeconomic status | |||||||||
| Highest Education | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| Grade school (0–8) | 2300 (2%) | 323 (3%) | 4202 (21%) | 691 (12%) | 64 (4%) | ||||
| High school (9–12) or GED | 42016 (45%) | 5525 (50%) | 10066 (50%) | 1973 (34%) | 858 (49%) | ||||
| College/Technical school | 24902 (26%) | 2929 (27%) | 3756 (18%) | 1145 (19%) | 496 (28%) | ||||
| Associate/Bachelor degree | 17882 (19%) | 1578 (14%) | 1751 (9%) | 1301 (22%) | 245 (14%) | ||||
| Post-college degree | 7262 (8%) | 634 (6%) | 548 (3%) | 777 (13%) | 88 (5%) | ||||
| Insurance | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | |||||
| Private | 66701 (61%) | 6636 (51%) | 10408 (45%) | 4027 (58%) | 906 (47%) | ||||
| Public-Medicaid | 14202 (13%) | 2765 (21%) | 6419 (28%) | 1475 (21%) | 485 (25%) | ||||
| Public-Medicare | 23201 (21%) | 2746 (21%) | 5259 (23%) | 1145 (16%) | 378 (19%) | ||||
| Public-Others | 3568 (3%) | 619 (5%) | 755 (3%) | 111 (2%) | 133 (7%) | ||||
| Others | 1942 (2%) | 249 (2%) | 371 (2%) | 220 (3%) | 39 (2%) | ||||
| Work for income | 23041 (25%) | 2633 (24%) | 3454 (17%) | 1792 (30%) | 328 (19%) | 0.059 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
ALD—alcoholic liver disease; AIH—autoimmune hepatitis; BMI—body mass index; CC—cryptogenic cirrhosis; DM—diabetes mellitus; DRI—donor risk index; HCV—hepatitis C; HBV—hepatitis B; HCC—hepatocellular carcinoma; KPS—Karnofsky Performance Status; MELD—model for end-stage liver disease; NASH—nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; PBC—primary biliary cholangitis; PSC—primary sclerosing cholangitis; PVT—portal vein thrombosis; SD—standard deviation.