Table 3. Factors associated with false-negative RDT results using PCR as a reference.

Variable	RDT-/PCR+/False-negative	Univariable		Multivariable
	n (%)	OR (95% CI)	p-value	aOR (95% CI)	p-value
Age (year)
≥5	108 (55.7)	1 (Reference)	0.179	1 (Reference)
<5	87 (63.0)	1.36 (0.87–2.13)		1.35 (0.83–2.19)	0.224
Parasite density (μL)
≥1000	105 (51.0)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
<1000	90 (71.4)	2.4 (1.51–3.89)	0.001	2.65(1.62–4.38)	0.001
Gene deletion
No deletion	171 (56.4)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
pfhrp 2/3 deletion	24 (82.8)	3.71 (1.49–11.23)	0.01	4.4 (1.72–13.66)	0.004
Parasite species
P. falciparum	165 (55.0)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Non-P. falciparum	37.0 (93.9)	12.76 (3.77–79.7)	0.001	18.65 (5.3–118.71)	0.001
Endemicity
Moderate	63 (61.2)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Low	132 (57.6)	1.16 (0.72–1.87)	0.547	1.19 (0.63–2.24)	0.595
Region
Western	95 (57.6)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Eastern	100 (59.9)	0.91 (0.59–1.41)	0.67	0.83 (0.45–1.5)	0.527

OR = unadjusted odds ratio, aOR = adjusted odds ratio.