Table 2.
Constructs of SSC and saturations of the items of which it is composed. All loadings are significant (P ≤ 0.001).
| N° | Construct | N° Item | Description | Loading |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Participation in the classroom | During this year, 2015, how often have the following situations occurred in your class? | ||
| 1 | The teachers have promoted student participation in the classroom. | 0.67 | ||
| 2 | The teachers have stimulated students to express their opinions. | 0.76 | ||
| 3 | The teachers have encouraged students to listen to and respect the opinions of their classmates. | 0.72 | ||
| 4 | Debates have been organized in class on issues of public interest. | 0.49 | ||
| 2 | Climate in the classroom | How frequently have the following situations occurred this year, 2015? | ||
| 1 | The students have respected one another. | 0.74 | ||
| 3 | The students in my class have respected the teachers. | 0.70 | ||
| 6 | The students in my class have made sure the classroom is clean. | 0.48 | ||
| 3 | Climate of trust in the school |
How frequently have the following situations occurred this year, 2015? | ||
| 2 | I have felt sufficient trust to approach my teachers. | 0.71 | ||
| 3 | I have felt sufficient trust to approach a school director or authority (e.g., inspector, adviser, director, etc.). | 0.63 | ||
| 4 | I have felt that my school is a welcoming, friendly place. | 0.89 | ||
| 4 | Discrimination | During this year, 2015, how frequently have you felt that people in school look down on you, discriminate against you, or exclude you for one of the following reasons? | ||
| 1 | Your sex (because you are a boy or a girl). | 0.66 | ||
| 4 | Your sexual orientation. | 0.62 | ||
| 6 | Your religion. | 0.60 | ||
| 7 | Your political ideas. | 0.66 | ||
| 9 | You suffer a disability. | 0.59 | ||
| 10 | Your family's economic situation. | 0.66 | ||
| 11 | The ethnic group or culture to which you belong. | 0.64 | ||
| 12 | You are an immigrant, or your parents are immigrants. | 0.52 | ||
| 13 | You are pregnant or have children. | 0.50 | ||
| 5 | Direct school violence | How frequently have the following situations occurred this year, 2015? | ||
| 3 | Fights between students (e.g., shouting, screaming, pushing, hair-pulling, punching, etc.). | 0.74 | ||
| 5 | Threats or harassment between students. | 0.78 | ||
| 6 | Threats or aggression with knives or pen-knives, knuckle-dusters, nunchucks, etc. | 0.63 | ||
| 7 | Threats or aggression with firearms. | 0.47 | ||
| 8 | Students breaking or damaging the school (e.g., breaking benches, windows, chairs, computers, etc.). | 0.69 | ||
| 6 | Indirect school violence | During this year, 2015, how often have the following situations occurred in your school? | ||
| 1 | Theft inside the school. | 0.64 | ||
| 2 | Ill-intentioned rumors, isolation (“sending someone to Coventry”) between students. | 0.63 | ||
| 4 | Insults, bad language, mockery, and dismissive behavior between students. | 0.72 | ||
| 7 | Student–teacher violence |
During this year, 2015, how often have the following situations occurred between teachers and students in your school? | ||
| 1 | Students pushing or hitting a teacher. | 0.54 | ||
| 2 | Teachers pushing or hitting a student. | 0.49 | ||
| 3 | Insults, bad language, mockery, and dismissive behavior of teachers by students. | 0.75 | ||
| 4 | Insults, bad language, mockery, and dismissive behavior of students by teachers. | 0.61 | ||
| 8 | Student safety | During this year, 2015, how safe or unsafe have you felt in the following parts of your school? | ||
| 1 | School entrances and exits. | 0.80 | ||
| 2 | Classroom. | 0.87 | ||
| 3 | Hallways. | 0.91 | ||
| 4 | Yards. | 0.90 | ||
| 5 | Restrooms. | 0.88 | ||
| 9 | Bullying | During this year, 2015, how frequently have other students at your school intimidated you or maltreated you in the following ways? | ||
| 1 | Physically. | 0.68 | ||
| 2 | Verbally. | 0.80 | ||
| 3 | Socially. | 0.76 | ||
| 4 | Electronically. | 0.67 | ||
| 10 | Disciplinary measures |
During this year, 2015, how frequently have your teachers, the inspector, or the director carried out the following actions? | ||
| 1 | Intervened in situations of maltreatment and intimidation between students. | 0.82 | ||
| 2 | Applied the procedures of the school coexistence manual in situations of maltreatment and intimidation between students (e.g., interview with parent or guardian, punishments, etc.). | 0.94 | ||
| 3 | Has it been explained to all the students what they should do in situations of maltreatment or intimidation? | 0.68 | ||
| 11 | Illicit actions in school |
During this year, 2015, how frequently has a student at your school carried out the following actions? | ||
| 1 | Smoke cigarettes during school hours (e.g., smoking in the restrooms during breaks). | 0.79 | ||
| 2 | Drink alcohol during school hours (e.g., beer, wine, pisco, etc.). | 0.74 | ||
| 3 | Consume drugs during school hours (e.g., cannabis, based paste, amphetamines, etc.). | 0.84 | ||
| 4 | Offer drugs to other students in the school (e.g., cannabis, based paste, amphetamines, etc.). | 0.83 | ||
| 12 | Participation in school activities |
During this year, 2015, how often have you participated in the following activities in your school? | ||
| 1 | I have participated in activities marking the start and end of academic periods | 0.70 | ||
| 2 | I have participated in commemorative activities (e.g., Independence Day celebrations, religious ceremonies, etc.). | 0.73 | ||
| 3 | I have participated in recreational activities (e.g., bingos, festivities, competitions, etc.). | 0.74 | ||
| 5 | I have participated in academic and cultural activities (e.g., plays, art exhibitions, science, and technology fairs, debating competitions, etc.). | 0.66 | ||
| 6 | I have participated in volunteer or community service campaigns (e.g., raising money or food, planting trees, cleaning up the school, etc.). | 0.70 | ||
| 13 | Leadership in school activities |
During this year, 2015, how often have you helped to organize or carry out the following activities in your school? | ||
| 1 | I have helped to organize commemorative activities. | 0.85 | ||
| 2 | I have helped to organize recreational activities. | 0.87 | ||
| 3 | I have helped to organize sports activities. | 0.70 | ||
| 4 | I have helped to organize academic and cultural activities. | 0.81 | ||
| 5 | I have helped to organize volunteer or community service campaigns. | 0.81 | ||
| 14 | Satisfaction with the school |
How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your school in each of the following aspects? | ||
| 1 | The quality of the education given in the school. | 0.77 | ||
| 2 | The academic preparation given in the school. | 0.76 | ||
| 3 | The values taught in the school. | 0.78 | ||
| 4 | The school infrastructure (e.g., classrooms, restrooms, yards, etc.). | 0.62 | ||
| 5 | The relation between classmates in the school. | 0.75 | ||
| 6 | The relation between teachers and students in the school. | 0.77 | ||
| 15 | Identity with the school |
How strongly do you agree with each of the following statements about your school? | ||
| 1 | I feel proud of my school. | 0.90 | ||
| 2 | I speak well of my school to other people. | 0.86 | ||
| 3 | If someone spoke ill of my school, I would defend it. | 0.76 | ||
| 4 | I would recommend changing to my school to a friend. | 0.77 |