TABLE 5.

Effect of enzymes, chemical reagents, and physical factors on fengycins anti-Listeria activity^a.

Factors	Treatment for 2 h	Relative activity (%)a
Control	Untreated	100
pH	1	85 ± 3.8**
	3	93 ± 2.6*
	5	99 ± 1.1
	7	102 ± 1.6
	9	101 ± 0.7
	11	88 ± 3.2**
	13	72 ± 5.9**
Heat	37°C	99 ± 1.9
	60°C	100 ± 0.5
	80°C	97 ± 1.5
	100°C	90 ± 4.3*
Light	Ultraviolet	101 ± 0.3
Enzymes (1 mg/mL)	Cellulase	104 ± 2.6
	α-Amylase	99 ± 1.4
	Proteinase K	98 ± 0.5
	Papain	100 ± 2.7
	Bromelain	101 ± 1.0
	Trypsin	100 ± 0.2
	Pepsin	98 ± 5.3
Chemical reagents (1 mM)	EDTA	102 ± 2.4
	SDS	97 ± 1.8
	MnCl2	100 ± 1.1
	ZnSO4	92 ± 6.4

^aThe relative antimicrobial activity was measured by using L. monocytogenes as an indicator strain. Values are given as mean ± SD from triplicate determinations (n = 3). The value represents the mean ± SE of triple determinations. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.