Figure 6.

Electrostatic properties of urothelial cells. (a) Cell surface charge measurements of T24 and UROtsa cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3, *p < 0.05). (b) Schematic composition of the nanoemulsion (NE) and NE-binding capacity of T24 and UROtsa cells. NE and Chi-NC concentration = 1.78 × 10¹² particles mL⁻¹. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3–4, **p < 0.01) and shown in relation to the Chi-NC binding capacity. (c,d) Chi-NC binding of T24 (c) and UROtsa cells (d) after digestion of the cellular glycocalyx with chondroitinase, hyaluronidase or heparinase. Chi-NC concentration = 8.96 × 10¹¹ particles mL⁻¹. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) treated cells were used as controls. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3, **p < 0.01).