Table 1.

Primers used for defense-related genes expression assay

A
Gene name	Primers (5’ → 3’)	Estimated product size
Lipoxygenase 2 (lox2)	F: CAA TGA CTT GGG TAA TCC AGA	950
	R: CAT GAG TTC TCA ACC AGT GG
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal)	F: ATC AAC ACC CTC CTC CAG GGG TA	670
	R: CGG GTT GTC GTT CAC GGA GTT GA
Aspartate aminotransferase (ast)	F: GTG CCC ACA ACC CTA CTG G	410
	R: CAG CCA TGC CCT TCA GCT C
Pathogenesis-related protein (pr1)	F: AAA GCT CAA GAT AGC CCA CAA G	410
	R: GGC TTC TCG TTC ACA TAA TTC C

B
Gene name	Primers (5’ → 3’)	Product size
Lipoxygenase 2 (lox2)	F: CAT CAA GCT GCC AAG AGG TT	118
	R: GCA ACC AAG AAA ATC CGT CT
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal)	F: GAC CTC GTC CCG CTC TCC TAC A	96
	R: CTC CAC AGC AGA GAC GTG GTG AC
Aspartate aminotransferase (ast)	F: GCC AGT GGT GAT CCT GAG AG	133
	R: GGA TGC TGA GGC AAC CTA CT
Pathogenesis-related protein (pr1)	F: GGT AGA ACC TCT TCT GGG GAT G	99
	R: AGT TGC TTC GGT AGT CGT AGT AC
Actin	F: GAC TCA AAT CAT GTT AGA GAC ATT CAA	114
	R: GTA CGG CCA CTG GCA TAG A

(A) Primers used for sequencing of conserved sites of defense-related genes. Primers were designed based on the alignment of cDNA sequences of the monocot species Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Oryza sativa, and of the dicot model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (B) Primers used for qRT-PCR