Table 1.

Targets for improved postharvest quality and enhanced shelf-life

Species	Trait	Gene	Change*	Method	Phenotype	References
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Shelf-life	SlFSR	↓	RNAi	↓ Expression of cell wall modification enzymes in fruit	Zhang et al.49
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Shelf-life	SlACO1	↓	RNAi	↓ Ethylene, ↓firmness loss associated with ↓ PME and PG activities	Behboodian et al.261
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Shelf-life	PG	↓	Antisense RNA	↑ Fruit firmness, ↓ postharvest fungal infection	Kramer et al.262
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)	Shelf-life	FaPG1	↓	RNAi	↑ Soluble solids, firmness and ↓ softening	Quesada et al.263
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Shelf-life	Del, Ros	↑	Ectopic Expression	Double shelf-life and ↓ susceptibility to Botrytis	Zhang et al.143
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Shelf-life	Aft, atv	–	Breeding	Extended shelf-life ↓ susceptibility to Botrytis	Bassolino et al.145
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Shelf-life	SlALC	↓	CRISPR/Cas9	Extended shelf life	Yu et al.85
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Ripening	SlPL	↓	CRISPR/Cas9	↑ Firmness, no change in color	Wang et al.260
Banana (Musa acuminata)	Ripening	MaMADS1 MaMADS2	↓	RNAi	Delayed ripening	Elitzur et al.264
Eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum)	Color and nutritional content	SmMYB1	↑	Overexpression	↑ Anthocyanin: flesh and peel	Zhang et al.190
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Softening	SlPG	↓	Antisense RNA	↓ Pectin depolymerization	Smith et al.127
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Softening	SlPL	↓	RNAi	↑ Firmness, cellulose, hemicellulose, ↓ soluble pectins	Yang et al.265
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Softening	PME	↓	Antisense RNA	↓ Soluble pectins and polyuronides, ↑ soluble solids	Tieman et al.266
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Softening	DkGal1	↑	Heterologous expression	↓ Cell-to-cell adhesion, ↑ ripening rate, ↑ ethylene production	Ban et al.267
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Softening	TBG4	↓	Antisense RNA	↑ Firmness	Smith et al.123
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Softening	PE1, PE2 (PME)	↓	Antisense RNA	↓ De-esterification of pectins	Wen et al.122
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)	Softening	FaPG1	↓	Antisense RNA	↑ Firmness, reduced soluble pectin, ↑ cell integrity	Posé et al.115
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)	Softening	FaPL	↓	Antisense RNA	↑ Firmness, ↓ soluble pectins	Jiménez-Bermudez et al.117
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)	Softening	FaPL	↓	Antisense RNA	↓ Soluble pectins, ↑ cell-to-cell adhesion	Santiago-Doménech et al.118
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)	Softening	FaβGal4	↓	Antisense RNA	↓ Softening, ↓ soluble pectins	Paniagua et al.268
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Ripening	RIN	↓	CRISPR/Cas9	Slower ripening	Ito et al.87
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Ripening	LeCTR1, LeEILs LeEIN2	↓	VIGS	Ripening suppression	Fu et al.269
Petunia (Petunia × hybrida cv. “Mitchell diploid”)	Senescence/vase-life	Atetr1-1	↑	Ectopic expression	Doubled vase-life	Wang et al.98
Petunia (Petunia × hybrida cv. Hort. Vilm.-Andr.)	Senescence/vase-life	BoACO1, BoACS1	↓	Antisense	Delayed flower senescence, extended vase-life	Huang et al.270
Petunia (Petunia × hybrida cv. “Primetime Blue” and cv. “Mitchell Diploid”)	Senescence/vase-life	PhHD-Zip	↓	VIGS	↑ Vase-life by 20%	Chang et al.96
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. “Scania” and “White Sim”)	Senescence/vase-life	ACO	↓	Antisense	↑ Vase-life by 50%	Savin et al.93
Petunia (Petunia hybrida cv. Mirage Rose	Senescence/vase-life	PhACO1	↓	CRISPR	↑ Vase-life by 50%	Xu et al.99
Potato (Solanum tuberosum)	Shelf-life/quality	StVInv	↓	RNAi	↓ Acrylamide in fried chips	Bhaskar et al.184
Potato (Solanum tuberosum)	Shelf-life/quality	StR1 (GWD), StPhL, StPPO	↓	Antisense	↓ Acrylamide in fried chips, improved fry aroma	Rommens et al.271
Potato (Solanum tuberosum)	Shelf-life/quality	StAs1, StAs2	↓	Antisense	↓ Acrylamide in fried chips	Rommens et al.272
Potato (Solanum tuberosum)	“High fiber”	StSBEI, II	↓	CRISPR	↑ Resistant starch	Tuncel et al.259
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Sweetness	SlbZIP1	↑	Overexpression Fruit-promoter	50% ↑ in fruit sugar, no change in yield	Sagor et al.155
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Sweetness	SlFgr	↑	Wild allele & Overexpression	↑ Ratio of fructose to glucose, ↑ sweetness	Shammai et al.156
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Sweetness	SlARF10	↑	Overexpression	↑ Sucrose, fructose glucose not assayed	Yuan et al.157
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Sweetness	AGPaseL	↑	Allele from S. habrochaites	↑ Total sugars ↑yield	Petreikov et al.151
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Varied	fumarase	↓	Antisense RNA	↑ Sugars, ↓ infection by Botrytis, ↓ postharvest water loss ↓ yield	Centeno et al.152
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Sweetness	Lin5 allele invertase	↑	Natural allele	↑Sugar	Fridman et al.150
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Sweetness	SlGLK2	↑	Natural allele Transgenic line	↑ Sugars, ↑ lycopene yield same	Powell et al.153
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)	Sweetness	CmTST2	↑	Overexpression	↑ Fructose, glucose, ↑ sucrose, yield unknown	Cheng et al.158
Strawberrry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)	Sweetness	CmTST2	↑	Overexpression	↑ Fructose, glucose, ↑ sucrose, yield unknown	Cheng et al.158
Potato (Solanum tuberosum)	Appearance	StPPO2	↓	CRISPR	↓ Browning	Gonzalez et al.139
Apple (Malus domestica)	Appearance	MdPPO	↓	RNAi	↓ Browning	Okanagan Specialty Fruits Armstrong & Lane199
Potato (Solanum tuberosum)	Appearance health, texture	StPPO StvINV StAsp StPHO StGWD	↓	RNAi	↓ Browning ↓ Acrylamide ↓ CIS Better texture	Simplot Company, Richael et al.185

*Change in gene expression