TABLE 1.
Demographic information of the recruited subjects.
| Subjects | Age | Gender | Stroke onset | Stroke type | Hemiplegic side | MAS | ARAT3 | FMA-UE4 |
| S1 | 65 | Male | 11 years | Hemorrhagic | Left | 1+ | 25 | 27 |
| S2 | 32 | Male | 48 months | Hemorrhagic | Left | 2 | 3 | 16 |
| S3 | 72 | Female | 62 months | Ischemic | Left | 3 | 0 | 8 |
| S4 | 59 | Female | 59 months | Ischemic | Left | 1+ | 10 | 16 |
| H11 | 24 | Male | – | – | – (Left)2 | – | 57 | 66 |
| H21 | 25 | Male | – | – | – (Right)2 | – | 57 | 66 |
| H31 | 25 | Male | – | – | – (Right)2 | – | 57 | 66 |
| H41 | 25 | Male | – | – | – (Right)2 | – | 57 | 66 |
1Subjects without neurological impairment as control group.
2MCP joints on the index fingers in the dominant hands were chosen for the assessment.
3ARAT (Action Research Arm Test) is a continuous measurement for the changes in upper limb function among hemiplegic subjects with no categorical cutoff scores. Full score is 57. Higher score indicates better upper limb performance.
4FMA-UE (Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity) is designed as performance-based impairment index to assess the motor function, balance, sensations, and joint functions in hemiplegic subjects with chronic stroke. In this work, FMA-UE refers only to the upper extremity motor function part with a total score of 66.