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. 2020 Dec 18;11:488871. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.488871

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Copyright © 2020 Ceolin, Guardiano, Irimia and Longobardi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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BEAST tree from Ruhlen’s phonemic dataset. The tree contains a subset of the languages used in Creanza et al. (2015), consisting of the 52 languages overlapping with those used in this article. The color coding is the same as for the previous phylogenies, visually highlighting the differences in the clustering of the families. The best model that we determined is a Gamma Site Model with Substitution Rate = 1, a Mutation Death Model with death p = 0.1, a Relaxed Clock (Logarithmic) with clock rate = 1, and a uniform Yule model for the birth rate. The Monte Carlo Markov Chain produced 10,000,000 trees, 25% of which were used for the burn-in and discarded for the purpose of the calculation of the consensus tree. The tree is a consensus tree of 7500 different trees sampled through the 7,500,000 trees (with a sample stored every 1000 generated trees) produced by the Monte Carlo procedure.