Figure 3.

Activation of NF-κB in macrophages during acute inflammation in the lung of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-exposed C57BL/6J mice. Nuclear p65 in macrophages is examined by double immunofluorescence staining of p65 (red) and F4/80 (green), with DAPI nuclear staining (blue), following the method described previously (53). Pink color generated from the overlap of red and blue indicates nuclear p65, which demonstrates the activation of NF-κB. During both the early acute phase and late acute phase, NF-κB is remarkably activated by MWCNTs in macrophages in mouse lungs.