Table 2.

Frequencies (with 95% Confidence Intervals) for Preconception Risk Factors Among Women 18–44 Years Old With and Without Disability, Stratified by Race/Ethnicity (BRFSS 2016)

Indicator	NH White (N=37,942)					NH Black (N=6,662)					Hispanic (N=9,162)					Other Race (N=5,551)
	Disability status					Disability status					Disability status					Disability Status
	No		Yes		p value	No		Yes		p value	No		Yes		p value	No		Yes		p value
	%a	95% CI	%	95% CI		%	95% CI	%	95% CI		%	95% CI	%	95% CI		%	95% CI	%	95% CI
General Health Status
Fair/poor health	4.5	4.1 – 5.0	34.8	32.7 – 36.9	<0.001	8.7	7.6 – 9.9	38.4	33.8 – 43.2	<0.001	14.3	12.9 – 15.7	38.8	34.8 – 42.9	<0.001	5.7	4.6– 7.0	35.6	30.1 – 41.6	<0.001
Social Determinants
< High school education	4.8	4.2 – 5.3	15.5	13.7 – 17.4	<0.001	6.2	5.1 – 7.5	17.8	14.3 – 22.0	<0.001	30.5	28.6 – 32.5	35.7	31.8 – 39.9	0.02	3.3	2.5 – 4.3	13.8	10.2 – 18.4	<0.001
Health Care
No health insurance	7.5	7.0 – 8.0	13.3	11.9 – 14.9	<0.001	12.8	11.3 – 14.3	18.0	14.5 – 22.2	0.006	32.9	31.0 – 34.8	31.7	27.8 – 35.8	0.598	8.8	7.4 – 10.5	14.2	10.3 – 19.2	0.010
No checkup in past year	34.5	33.6 – 35.5	36.3	34.1 – 38.5	0.143	21.4	19.5 – 23.4	25.3	21.0 – 30.1	0.112	36.3	34.4 – 38.3	35.7	31.9 – 39.8	0.792	30.0	27.5 – 32.6	37.7	31.9 – 43.8	0.016
No dental visit in past year	25.8	24.9 – 26.6	45.0	42.8 – 47.3	<0.001	33.6	31.5 – 35.7	48.6	43.7 – 53.5	<0.001	37.4	35.6 – 39.4	44.6	40.5 – 48.8	0.002	28.3	25.8 – 30.9	38.2	32.5 – 44.2	0.001
No Pap test in past 3 years	9.8	9.2 – 10.5	16.0	14.3 – 17.8	<0.001	6.0	4.8 – 7.5	7.6	5.6 – 10.2	0.222	8.5	7.4 – 9.7	12.7	10.1 – 15.9	0.003	10.0	8.2 – 12.1	11.3	8.4 – 15.1	0.497
Substance Use
Current smoking	15.3	14.7 – 16.0	39.6	37.5 – 41.8	<0.001	11.4	10.1 – 12.8	26.5	22.5 – 30.9	<0.001	5.4	4.7 – 6.2	16.7	13.9 – 19.9	<0.001	6.7	5.7 – 7.7	29.7	24.8 – 35.1	<0.001
Heavy drinking	8.0	7.4 – 8.5	7.7	6.6 – 8.9	0.663	4.2	3.3 – 5.5	8.5	5.5 – 12.9	0.006	2.6	2.1 – 3.2	6.7	4.8 – 9.2	<0.001	3.5	2.8 – 4.4	8.4	5.4 – 12.9	<0.001
Binge drinking	3.5	3.2 – 4.0	5.6	4.6 – 6.8	<0.001	2.8	2.2 – 3.6	5.4	3.1 – 9.3	0.035	1.5	1.2 – 1.9	4.5	3.0 – 6.9	<0.001	1.5	1.1 – 2.1	6.3	4.0 – 10.0	<0.001
Nutrition and Physical Activity
Obesity	22.0	21.2 – 22.8	34.9	32.7 – 37.2	<0.001	36.4	34.2 – 38.6	52.1	47.2 – 57.0	<0.001	29.0	27.0 – 31.0	39.1	34.9 – 43.5	<0.001	12.9	11.3 – 14.7	38.6	32.5 – 45.1	<0.001
No exercise in past month	12.6	12.0 – 13.3	28.8	26.8 – 30.8	<0.001	25.4	23.5 – 27.3	38.1	33.6 – 43.0	<0.001	28.4	26.6 – 30.2	34.5	30.7 – 38.5	0.004	18.5	16.3 – 20.9	26.2	21.5 – 31.5	0.003
Mental Health
Frequent mental distress	10.2	9.6 – 10.8	49.2	46.9 – 51.5	<0.001	8.0	6.8 – 9.3	36.8	32.2 – 41.6	<0.001	7.1	6.1 – 8.2	26.4	22.7 – 30.5	<0.001	6.6	5.5 – 8.0	43.8	37.7 – 50.2	<0.001
Inadequate social supportb	11.0	9.1 – 13.3	38.4	31.2 – 46.1	<0.001	26.0	19.6 – 33.5	62.8	48.2 – 75.4	<0.001	23.6	14.5 – 36.1	31.9	13.7 – 58.1	0.51	17.1	10.8 – 25.9
Chronic Conditions
Diabetes	1.4	1.2 – 1.6	6.0	5.0 – 7.2	<0.001	3.0	2.4 – 3.7	9.5	7.2 – 12.5	<0.001	2.6	2.0 – 3.3	4.9	3.6 – 6.7	0.001	2.6	1.8 – 3.7	6.6	4.0 – 10.7	0.002
Current asthma	10.4	9.8 – 11.0	22.3	20.5 – 24.2	<0.001	12.3	10.6 – 14.2	23.2	19.6 – 27.2	<0.001	6.1	5.3 – 7.0	17.2	14.4 – 20.3	<0.001	6.6	5.4 – 7.9	20.9	16.3 – 26.5	<0.001
Infections
Never tested for HIV	52.9	51.9 – 53.9	40.1	37.8 – 42.4	<0.001	25.2	23.0 – 27.7	25.2	20.9 – 30.0	0.978	47.0	44.9 – 49.0	42.8	38.5 – 47.3	0.097	62.8	59.8 – 65.6	37.0	31.3 – 43.1	<0.001
No flu vaccine in past year	64.0	63.0 – 64.9	70.7	68.5 – 72.8	<0.001	72.2	70.2 – 74.1	69.9	65.1 – 74.3	0.367	71.8	70.0 – 73.5	75.4	71.8 – 78.6	0.074	58.2	55.2 – 61.2	70.5	64.7 – 75.7	<0.001

Note:

^aWeighted percentages

^bOnly four states (Louisiana, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Tennessee) collected data on social support and total sample size for this item was 3,473; the sample size for women with disabilities in the Other Race group was insufficient for reporting estimates on this indicator.

BRFSS=Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; CI=Confidence Interval