Table 4.

Adjusted Prevalence Ratios (with 95% Confidence Intervals) for Preconception Risk Factors Among Women 18–44 Years Old (BRFSS 2016), N=59,317

Indicatora	NH White Disability		NH Black No Disability		NH Black Disability		Hispanic No Disability		Hispanic Disability		Other Race No Disability		Other Race Disability
	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI
General Health Status
Fair/poor health	4.68***	4.12 – 5.31	1.49***	1.26 – 1.76	4.39***	3.71 – 5.19	1.99***	1.71 – 2.30	4.52***	3.87 – 5.28	1.32*	1.05 – 1.67	4.79***	4.01 – 5.72
Social Determinants
<High school educationb	1.74***	1.46 – 2.08	0.94	0.75 – 1.18	1.75***	1.37 – 2.25	2.93***	2.54 – 3.37	3.05***	2.57 – 3.61	0.62**	0.46 – 0.84	1.57**	1.15 – 2.13
Health Care
No health insurancec	1.10	0.96 – 1.27	1.23**	1.07 – 1.42	1.34*	1.07 – 1.68	2.21***	2.00 – 2.44	1.96***	1.69 – 2.28	1.20*	1.00 – 1.44	1.21	0.89 – 1.64
No checkup in past year	1.00	0.93 – 1.07	0.57***	0.52 – 0.63	0.68***	0.57 – 0.81	0.84***	0.79 – 0.89	0.84**	0.75 – 0.95	0.87**	0.80 – 0.95	1.04	0.89 – 1.22
No dental visit in past year	1.34***	1.26 – 1.43	1.08*	1.01 – 1.16	1.32***	1.18 – 1.48	0.97	0.91 – 1.04	1.10	1.00 – 1.22	1.11*	1.01 – 1.22	1.14	1.00 – 1.32
No Pap test in past 3 years	1.26**	1.09 – 1.46	0.51***	0.40 – 0.64	0.51***	0.37 – 0.71	0.56***	0.46 – 0.67	0.79	0.61 – 1.03	1.07	0.87 – 1.31	0.90	0.66 – 1.22
Substance Use
Current smoking	1.62***	1.50 – 1.76	0.52***	0.46 – 0.59	0.88	0.75 – 1.04	0.22***	0.18 – 0.25	0.58***	0.48 – 0.70	0.50***	0.43 – 0.58	1.26*	1.04 – 1.52
Heavy drinking	1.18	0.99 – 1.40	0.49***	0.37 – 0.65	1.23	0.78 – 1.93	0.41***	0.32 – 0.53	1.09	0.79 – 1.51	0.44***	0.35 – 0.56	1.27	0.80 – 2.01
Binge drinking	1.53***	1.20 – 1.94	0.66**	0.49 – 0.87	1.42	0.79 – 2.56	0.44***	0.32 – 0.60	1.27	0.82 – 1.96	0.43***	0.31 – 0.60	1.62	0.99 – 2.67
Nutrition and Physical Activity
Obesity	1.29***	1.19 – 1.41	1.47***	1.36 – 1.58	1.77***	1.57 – 2.00	1.10*	1.01 – 1.19	1.37***	1.22 – 1.54	0.63***	0.55 – 0.72	1.46***	1.23 – 1.75
No exercise in past month	1.53***	1.40 – 1.68	1.66***	1.51 – 1.82	1.79***	1.55 – 2.07	1.45***	1.33 – 1.58	1.59***	1.40 – 1.80	1.53***	1.34 – 1.75	1.38**	1.12 – 1.70
Mental Health
Frequent mental distress	3.92***	3.60 – 4.27	0.68***	0.57 – 0.80	2.73***	2.35 – 3.16	0.62***	0.52 – 0.73	2.11***	1.78 – 2.49	0.66***	0.54 – 0.81	3.51***	3.00 – 4.12
Inadequate social supportd	2.55***	1.93 – 3.37	1.78***	1.27 – 2.50	3.19***	2.17 – 4.70	1.58	0.96 – 2.62	1.73	0.81 – 3.69	1.42	0.90 – 2.25
Chronic Conditions
Diabetes	2.52***	1.96 – 3.23	1.86***	1.41 – 2.44	3.29***	2.37 – 4.58	1.39*	1.05 – 1.84	2.03***	1.40 – 2.94	1.94***	1.33 – 2.84	2.61***	1.63 – 4.18
Current asthma	1.83***	1.64 – 2.04	1.10	0.94 – 1.28	1.83***	1.52 – 2.20	0.60***	0.51 – 0.71	1.51***	1.25 – 1.82	0.62***	0.51 – 0.75	1.69***	1.31 – 2.17
Infections
Never tested for HIV	0.76***	0.71 – 0.80	0.48***	0.44 – 0.53	0.49***	0.41 – 0.59	0.86***	0.82 – 0.90	0.79***	0.72 – 0.88	1.13***	1.08 – 1.19	0.67***	0.57 – 0.79
No flu vaccine in past year	1.05*	1.01 – 1.08	1.06***	1.03 – 1.10	1.00	0.94 – 1.07	1.03	1.00 – 1.06	1.07*	1.02 – 1.12	0.91***	0.86 – 0.96	1.03	0.95 – 1.12

^***p<0.001

^**p<0.01

^*p<0.05

Note: Non-Hispanic White women with no disabilities served as the reference group.

^aModels are adjusted for age, education, marital status, employment, health insurance, and income unless otherwise noted

^bModels are adjusted for age, marital status, employment, health insurance, and income

^cModels are adjusted for age, education, marital status, employment, and income

^dOnly four states (Louisiana, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Tennessee) collected data on social support and total sample size for this item was 3,473; the sample size for women with disabilities in the Other Race group was insufficient for reporting estimates on this indicator.

BRFSS=Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; PR=Prevalence Ratio; CI=Confidence Interval