Table 2.
Comparison of confirmed COVID-19 patients with and without pneumonia.
| Total no = 175 | N (%) 1 | N (%) 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pneumonian = 37 | Non-pneumonian = 138 | P-value | |
| Age, median (IQR) | 50 (40–68) | 34 (28–42) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | 0.046 | ||
| Female | 16 (43.2) | 85 (61.6) | |
| Male | 21 (56.8) | 53 (38.4) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (13.5) | 3 (2.2) | 0.009 |
| Cardivascular disease | 13 (35.1) | 7 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 12 (32.4) | 6 (4.3) | < 0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 4 (10.8) | 3 (2.2) | 0.033 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1 (2.7) | 2 (1.4) | 0.622 |
| COPD | 2 (5.4) | 2 (1.4) | 0.197 |
| Asthma | 4 (10.8) | 5 (3.6) | 0.107 |
| Malignancy | 2 (5.4) | 2 (1.4) | 0.197 |
| Active Smoker | 12 (32.4) | 20 (14.5) | 0.012 |
| ≥ 1 comorbidities | 17 (45.9) | 13 (9.4) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 2 comorbidities | 6 (16.2) | 5 (3.6) | 0.005 |
| Medications | |||
| Anti-hypertensives | 12 (32.4) | 6 (4.3) | < 0.001 |
| ACE inhibitors or ARB | 8 (21.6) | 4 (2.9) | < 0.001 |
| Statins | 2 (5.4) | 1 (0.7) | 0.087 |
| NSAI drugs | 1(2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.077 |
| Steroids | 1 (2.7) | 1(0.7) | 0.365 |
| Immunsupressive drugs | 2 (5.4) | 2 (1.4) | 0.481 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Fever, > 38 °C | 15 (40.5) | 17 (12.3) | < 0.001 |
| Dry cough | 18 (48.6) | 24 (17.4) | < 0.001 |
| Sore throat | 4 (10.8) | 11 (8.0) | 0.593 |
| Nasal congestion | 5 (5.4) | 3 (2.2) | 0.332 |
| Myalgia or fatigue | 13 (35.1) | 10 (7.2) | < 0.001 |
| Sputum production | 5 (13.5) | 2 (1.4) | 0.003 |
| Headache | 5 (13.5) | 6 (4.3) | 0.041 |
| Shortness of breath | 16 (43.2) | 11 (8.0) | < 0.001 |
| Diarrhea | 5 (5.4) | 3 (2.2) | 0.332 |
| Duration of symptoms, median (IQR)2 | 3 (3–6.5) | 3 (2–4) | < 0.085 |
| Tachypnea, > 24 breath/min | 7 (18.9) | 1 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
| Oxygen saturation < 90% | 6 (16.2) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Requirement of oxygen support at admission | 6 (16.2) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory Findings at hospital admission | |||
| Leukocytopenia < 4000 / mm3 | 20 (54.1) | 58 (42.6) | 0.216 |
| Lypmphcytopenia < 800 / mm3 | 10 (27.0) | 4 (2.9) | < 0.001 |
| AnemiaFemale: Hgb < 12 g/dLMale: Hgb < 13 g/dL | 11 (29.7) | 17 (12.5) | 0.012 |
| Thrombocytopenia < 150x103 /mm3 | 5 (13.5) | 10 (7.4) | 0.261 |
| ALT > 50 U/L | 7 (18.9) | 4 (3.0) | 0.002 |
| AST > 50 U/L | 5 (13.1) | 2 (1.5) | 0.004 |
| Creatinine > 1.1 mg/dL | 4 (10.8) | 3 (2.2 | 0.036 |
| LDH > 248 U/L | 22 (59.5) | 22 (16.5) | < 0.001 |
| Troponin > 5 ng/L | 17 (49.5) | 15 (11.3) | < 0.001 |
| Prothrombin time (> 14.7 sec) | 9 (24.3) | 31 (24.0) | 0.971 |
| D-dimer > 1000 ng/mL | 10 (27.0) | 5 (4.3) | < 0.001 |
| Fibrinogen < 200 | 1 (2.9) | 5 (4.3) | 0.730 |
| Ferritin > 800 ng/mL | 4 (11.8) | 2 (1.7) | 0.019 |
| Creatine kinase > 170 U/L | 11 (32.4) | 19 (14.6) | 0.017 |
| C-reactive protein > 40 mg/dL | 12 (32.4) | 6 (4.5) | < 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin > 0.5 ng/mL | 1 (2.7) | 5 (3.8) | 0.751 |
| Outcomes | |||
| ICU care | 7 (18.9) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| Mortality | 2 (5.4) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay, median (IQR) | 5.5 (4–8.5) | 1(1–3) | < 0.001 |
| ICU care | 7 (18.9) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB:Angiotensin receptor blockers, NSAI: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT:Alanine aminotransferase, ICU: intensive care unit1Percentages are calculated on the total number of patients.2Asymptomatic patients were excluded.