Table 2.
Literature survey on COVID-19 and meteorological conditions
| Study area | Time span | Meteorological variables | Inferences | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 provinces of China | January 23 to March 1, 2020 | Temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and wind speed | Doubling time of COVID-19 cases was associated with temperature and relative humidity but precipitation and wind speed didn’t have any influence. | Oliveiros et al. 2020 |
| Non-tropical countries | January 20 to March 19, 2020 | Temperature and humidity |
Absolute humidity (AH) is much important weather variable regarding COVID-19 transmissions as compared with temperature and relative humidity. Maximum COVID-19 incidents were observed at 4-9 g/m3 AH and 3-17 °C temperature. |
Bukhari and Jameel 2020 |
| USA | January 1 to April 9, 2020 | Absolute humidity (AH) and temperature | AH is more significant weather variable and maximum COVID-19 cases reported within 4–6 g/m3 AH and 4–11 °C temperature. | Gupta et al. 2020 |
| All the affected countries | January, 2020 | Temperature | Temperature influenced the COVID-19 infection intensities. | Wang et al. 2020b |
| China | January, 2020 | Absolute humidity (AH) and temperature | COVID-19 outbreak was associated with AH and temperature. However, weather changes would not affect infection transmission intensity and exponential increase in positive cases. | Luo et al. 2020 |
| Wuhan, China | Historical datasets of 2002 to 2003 and 2015 to 2019 | Temperature, humidity and precipitation |
13–24 °C temperature, 50%-80% of humidity and < 30 mm rainfall/month facilitates the survival of 2019-nCoV. Cold climate may eliminate the virus. |
Bu et al. 2020 |
| Entire globe | January 22, to April 6, 2020 | Temperature, precipitation, wind speed, solar radiation, and water vapour pressure | Warming velocity and precipitation pattern mostly influenced the COVID-19 transmissions as compared with temperature. | Chiyomaru and Takemoto 2020 |
| Brazil | February 27 to April 1, 2020 | Temperature | Negative linear relationship was analysed between a specific temperature range (16.8 to 27.4 °C) and COVID-19 daily infections. | Prata et al. 2020 |
| China | January 23, to February 29, 2020 | Temperature |
Linear relationship was found in between daily COVID-19 positive cases and average temperature (threshold limit 3 °C). 4.861% rise in daily positive cases was also recorded with increase in 1 °C temperature. |
Xie and Zhu 2020 |
| Iran | February 19 to March 22, 2020 | Temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation | Low wind speed, less amount of solar radiation and humidity promotes the survival rate of COVID-19 virus. | Ahmadia et al. 2020 |
| China | January and February, 2020 | Weather data (temperature, solar radiation and precipitation | Influences of weather on COVID-19 survival and transmissions are limited which does not refer the extinction of the pandemic during summer. | Byass 2020 |
| Italy | February 1 to April 1, 2020 | Average temperature, moisture %, wind speed, days of rain and fog | Low wind speed, High moisture % and no. of fog days, high air pollution level accelerates transmission dynamics of viral infectivity. | Coccia 2020b |
| Iran | February 15 to March 22, 2020 | Average temperature, population size | Average temperature has low sensibility while population size has high sensitivity to the transmission rate of COVID-19. No evidence of lower transmission rate in warmer climate in comparison with cold/moderate climates was obtained. | Jahangiri et al. 2020 |