Fig. 2.

DeepDOF microscope setup and the end-to-end network for joint optimization of the phase mask and reconstruction algorithm. (A) The DeepDOF microscope is an epifluorescence microscope with a phase mask in its pupil plane, a co-optimized image-reconstruction algorithm, and an open-top sample stage for fast x–y tissue translation. (B) The end-to-end (E2E) network consists of an optical layer that simulates physics-derived image formation of a fluorescence microscope with a learned phase mask and a sequential digital layer that employs a U-Net to reconstruct in-focus images within the targeted DOF of 200 µm.