Table 2.
Echographic and biological characteristics of Black hypertensive patients, stratified by the presence or absence of LVH
| Variables | LVH + n = 88 |
LVH − n = 132 |
P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Echocardiographic measurements | |||
| LVED (mm) | 46.5 ± 4.4 | 42.9 ± 4.1 | < 0.001 |
| IVS (mm) | 12.7 ± 1.1 | 10.7 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 |
| PWT (mm) | 12.5 ± 0.8 | 10.7 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 |
| SWT (mm) | 25.2 ± 1.6 | 21.3 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 63.8 ± 5.4 | 65.1 ± 4.9 | 0.062 |
| LVM (g) | 222.2 ± 38.4 | 156.8 ± 34.8 | < 0.001 |
| LVMIh (g/m2,7) | 54.7 ± 8.4 | 37.6 ± 6.6 | < 0.001 |
| LVMIbsa (g/m2) | 108.5 ± 15.7 | 79.7 ± 15.0 | < 0.001 |
| RWT | 0.55 ± 0.1 | 0.50 ± 0.1 | 0.001 |
| E (Cm/s) | 0.85 ± 0.6 | 1.08 ± 0.6 | 0.029 |
| E/A ratio | 0.71 ± 0.2 | 0.99 ± 0.2 | 0.034 |
| DT (ms) | 215.8 ± 39.4 | 172.8 ± 37.7 | < 0.001 |
| E/e’ ratio | 7.4 (4.9–7.5) | 5.5 (4.5–7.0) | ˂ 0.001 |
| LAA (cm2) | 17.3 ± 3.5 | 14.7 ± 2.7 | ˂ 0.001 |
| SPAP (mmHg) | 26.9 ± 3.1 | 26.0 ± 2.7 | 0.019 |
| Biological parameters | |||
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.5 ± 1.0 | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 0.305 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 0.126 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.25 ± 0.6 | 1.05 ± 0.6 | 0.027 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.003 |
| Glycemia (mmol/L) | 6.3 ± 2.1 | 5.4 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1C (%) | 6.3 ± 1.6 | 5.9 ± 1.1 | 0.016 |
| Insulinemia (mmol/L) | 122.8 ± 43.1 | 72.7 ± 25.8 | < 0.001 |
| AI | 5.2 ± 1.6 | 4.6 ± 1.8 | 0.008 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.36 ± 0.8 | 1.41 ± 0.6 | 0.014 |
| Uric acid (mmol/L) | 388.3 ± 98.4 | 352.9 ± 89.5 | 0.007 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 84.7 ± 22.6 | 84.3 ± 16.2 | 0.854 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.30 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 0.105 |
| Ionized calcium (mmol/L) | 1.20 ± 0.11 | 1.22 ± 0.2 | 0.331 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.06 ± 0.2 | 1.09 ± 0.3 | 0.333 |
| Dyslipidemia | 75 (85.2) | 98 (74.2) | 0.036 |
| High AI | 45 (51.1) | 48 (36.4) | 0.021 |
| T2DM | 20 (22.7) | 23 (17.4) | 0.212 |
| Hyperinsulinemia | 8 (9.1) | 11 (8.3) | 0.514 |
| IR | 42 (47.7) | 2 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperuricemia | 29 (33.0) | 22 (16.7) | 0.004 |
LVED = left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; IVS = interventricular septal thickness; PWT = posterior wall thickness; SWT = sum of wall thickness; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LVM = left ventricular mass; LVMIh = left ventricular mass indexed to height2,7; LVMbsa = left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area; RWT = relative wall thickness; E = mitral E wave; E/A = ratio of peak early and late diastolic flow velocities; DT = deceleration time; e’ = mitral annular early diastolic velocity; LAA = left atrium area; SPAP = systolic pulmonary arterial pressure; TC = total cholesterol; LDL-c = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c = high-density lipoprotein; AI = atherogenicity index; HbA1C = glycated hemoglobin; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus; HOMA-IR = homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; IR = insulin resistance