Table 2.
Unstratified Odds Ratios of Individual-Level Risky Behaviors
| Wearing a Seatbelt | Not Smoking | Not Binge Drinking | Getting a Flu Shot | Risky Behavior Index | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | |
| Primary Predictors of Interest | ||||||||||
| Collaborative action | 1.55 | 0.96, 2.49 | 1.32* | 1.11, 1.58 | 1.19 | 0.92, 1.55 | 1.03 | 0.89, 1.20 | 1.18* | 1.10, 1.28 |
| Social capital index | 1.09 | 0.67, 1.76 | 0.94 | 0.80, 1.10 | 0.93 | 0.75, 1.16 | 1.41* | 1.07, 1.87 | 1.15* | 1.05, 1.25 |
| Individual-level Covariates | ||||||||||
| Male | 0.49* | 0.41, 0.58 | 0.63* | 0.48, 0.82 | 0.47* | 0.39, 0.57 | 0.79* | 0.69, 0.91 | 0.76* | 0.69, 0.83 |
| Married | 1.48* | 1.12, 1.95 | 1.64* | 1.31, 2.05 | 1.35* | 1.00, 1.83 | 1.13* | 1.01, 1.27 | 1.23* | 1.09, 1.38 |
| College | 1.37* | 1.09, 1.72 | 1.37* | 1.17, 1.61 | 0.94 | 0.70, 1.24 | 1.25* | 1.07, 1.46 | 1.17* | 1.07, 1.27 |
| Black | 0.86 | 0.57, 1.30 | 1.02 | 0.72, 1.42 | 1.45* | 1.06, 1.98 | 0.81* | 0.69, 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.71, 1.12 |
| Hispanic | 1.10 | 0.76, 1.58 | 1.56* | 1.13, 2.15 | 1.16 | 0.72, 1.87 | 0.87 | 0.68, 1.11 | 0.90* | 0.85, 0.95 |
| Asian | 1.05 | 0.68, 1.64 | 3.10* | 1.05, 9.16 | 3.08* | 1.50, 6.32 | 1.10 | 0.77, 1.55 | 1.04 | 0.86, 1.25 |
| Other Race | 1.05 | 0.43, 2.57 | 0.99 | .042, 2.32 | 0.97 | 0.49, 1.90 | 0.97 | 0.48, 1.99 | 1.01 | 0.76, 1.32 |
| Age | 1.16* | 1.11, 1.22 | 1.09* | 1.01, 1.17 | 1.35* | 1.24, 1.48 | 1.36* | 1.29, 1.43 | 1.14* | 1.11, 1.17 |
| Insured | 1.22 | 0.75, 1.97 | 1.64* | 1.31, 2.04 | 1.06 | 0.85, 1.31 | 1.98* | 1.46, 2.67 | 1.28* | 1.15, 1.43 |
| Income < $15 k | 0.94 | 0.47, 1.92 | 0.45* | 0.33, 0.62 | 1.19 | 0.86, 1.65 | 0.88 | 0.64, 1.21 | 0.93 | 0.74, 1.17 |
| Income $15 k–75 k | 0.88 | 0.66, 1.19 | 0.68* | 0.54, 0.86 | 1.13 | 0.95, 1.36 | 0.93 | 0.81, 1.07 | 0.97 | 0.88, 1.06 |
| Community-level Covariates | ||||||||||
| Median household income | 1.04 | 0.93, 1.16 | 1.03 | 0.97, 1.11 | 0.95 | 0.90, 1.01 | 1.07 | 0.96, 1.18 | 1.00 | 0.97, 1.04 |
| Percent Black | 1.03 | 0.78, 1.36 | 0.93 | 0.83, 1.04 | 0.98 | 0.85, 1.12 | 0.91 | 0.82, 1.02 | 0.98 | 0.94, 1.02 |
| Above Average FTEs | 0.99 | 0.64, 1.55 | 1.30* | 1.09, 1.56 | 0.82 | 0.61, 1.12 | 0.76 | 0.56, 1.04 | 0.93 | 0.81, 1.07 |
| Local Board of Health | 0.71 | 0.49, 1.02 | 0.92 | 0.74, 1.13 | 1.11 | 0.83, 1.65 | 0.90 | 0.67, 1.23 | 0.92 | 0.83, 1.01 |
| State-level Covariates | ||||||||||
| Expanded Medicaid | 0.72 | 0.49, 1.08 | 0.86 | 0.74, 1.02 | 0.79* | 0.63, 0.98 | 0.78* | 0.67, 0.91 | 0.86* | 0.80, 0.93 |
| p-value for interaction | 0.01 | 0.46 | 0.17 | 0.88 | 0.91 | |||||
*P < 0.05. The social capital index was dichotomized into communities with an index above the median (1 = yes) and below the median in our sample (0 = no). Individual-level covariates included being male, being married, graduating college, being Black, Asian, Hispanic, or Other race, having income in the specified range (<$15,000/year, 15,000 to 75,000/year), and having health insurance. The reference category for education was having less than a college degree and the reference for income was greater than $75,000 per year. The remaining dichotomous predictors were coded as 1 = yes; 0 = no. The number of FTEs at the LHD was =1 if the LHD had more than the average FTEs in the Profile 2013 survey (mean = 65). Community-level covariates included continuous measures of the population: percent black (Area Resource File, 2016; rescaled to a one-standard deviation change) and median household income (2014; rescaled to a $10,000 unit change). A second model with an interaction term between collaborative action and social capital was also analyzed. The p-value for interaction is provided.