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. 2019 Dec 13;71(11):2858–2868. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz1186

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Resistance richness (α-diversity) significantly increases over time in cotrimoxazole-treated human immunodeficiency virus–exposed, uninfected (HEU) infants (CTX-T) for total resistance genes and for dfr/sul resistance genes. Points represent richness values for individual samples, and boxes show median values (dark middle line) and first and third quartiles (lower and upper lines). The x-axis groups for each plot are the times of collection, and the y-axis for each plot is richness. Paired Wilcoxon tests (signed rank) were used to compare the latter 2 collections (timepoints B and C) to the first collection (timepoint A), and P values are reported above the graph with black lines depicting the comparisons. Graphs show HEU infants not treated with cotrimoxazole (CTX-N; blue) on the left and CTX-T infants (red) on the right. Richness was calculated for microbial taxa (A), functional pathways (B), resistance genes (C), and trimethoprim- and sulfonamide-resistance (dfr/sul) genes (D).