Table 1.

Current research with AI in different countries

Country/continent	Sectors	Current action plans in AI
United States of America (USA)	Transportation Security Power/Energy Healthcare Environment	Different AI Programs under the National Science Foundation have been formulated with funding, workforce training, and advanced computing solutions [24] Joint Artificial Intelligence Center (JAIC) has been formulated under the Department of Defense for the projects including decision making for military force, cyber-security identification and prediction, world-class AI Training to Military officers [25] Department of Energy has been working to deploy high-performance computing infrastructure that is supporting AI Research. Especially, it’s focusing on the economic security of the US [24] National Institutes of Health is working to provide AI Solutions in diagnosis and personalizing treatments [24] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has started using applications of AI which include Aerial and underwater surveys from ships for fish and marine mammal population analysis, robotics for deep-sea exploration, ice-modeling, aiding weather warning generation, etc. [26]
India	Agriculture Education Infrastructure Transportation Healthcare	NITI Aayog has been formulating and advancing cloud computing infrastructure by deploying and introducing AI Specific Cloud Computing Infrastructure (AIRAWAT) NITI Aayog is articulating on deploying AI-based solutions for increasing agricultural Value Chain through applications including Soil health monitoring and restoration, Crop health monitoring and real-time action advisors for farmers, AI solutions for farm mechanization, etc. Adaptive learning tools for customized learning, Intelligent and Interactive tutoring system, Predictive tools to inform students for course recommendation, automated rationalization of teachers, and customized professional development courses Under the sector of Infrastructure and Smart Cities, NITI Aayog has also reflected some of the applications including AI-based public lighting, Smart Homes, AI-driven service delivery, AI-based Crowd Management, Intelligent safety systems, AI-based cybersecurity Under the Transportation sector, different applications are in action to deploy such as Autonomous Trucking, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Travel route/flow optimization, AI for Railways, AI-based parking solutions NITI Aayog is working with Microsoft and Forums Health which enables us to roll out one AI Solution for early-stage detection of diabetic retinopathy [27]
Europe	Infrastructure Education	European Commission in their report of AI Investment and Recommendation, the reflection of legally compliant and ethical data management and sharing initiatives has been done. With that, the inclusion of a safe-digital world and a trustworthy AI Model has been highlighted [28] European Commission Policy focuses on introducing a valuable framework—“DigCompEdu” which provides solutions including Professional Engagement, Digital Resources, Teaching and Learning, Assessment, Empowering Learners, and Facilitating Learners’ Digital Competence [29]
Japan	Healthcare Transportation Infrastructure Fintech	The Government of Japan in its report of Society 5.0 releases about the solutions of AI in Healthcare as including AI Generation of Medicines, network platform for sharing medical data for better collaborative treatment records, Drug Discovery, AI-based elderly care robots, etc. [30] Society 5.0 concept highlights the use of autonomous driving among taxies and buses which will make rural transportation more available and deploying the use of drones, unmanned vehicles for service delivery through smart trucks [30] Under this Strategic Council for AI Technology report, Japan Government has proposed numerous plans for the enhancement of Infrastructure including Data Infrastructure, AI-Based supply and demand chain, etc. [31] Promoting finance technology, a proposal of Blockchain technology for money transfer, open application programming interfaces (API), and promoting a completely cashless payment gateway for new Society 5.0. [30]
South Korea	Infrastructure Education Healthcare Transportation Energy Environment Network Agriculture	Under the recent National Strategy of AI Report by the Korean Government, action strategy to advance the Infrastructure by improving data supply, utilization. Plus, open platforms for data distribution have been developed for public use since 2019 and enhancement of existing policies including “MyData Demonstration Project”, “Three Acts of Data”, “Gwangju AI Cluster” and many more as mentioned in [32] Under the adoption of AI in Education Sector, Korean Government is doing a lot to nurture AI Top Talent and Professionals by improving the university operations with an expansion of the highest level of master’s and doctoral level AI Education and Research Programs and by laying the foundation for a military massive online open course (M-MOOC) Using AI, the Korean Government is in progress to reduce new drug development period by using AI-Based Drug Generation Solutions, building AI development medical ecosystem, establishing data standards for clinical verification and review systems for healthcare professionals Developing AI-based autonomous driving culture under public transportation, AI-based logistics optimization technology at Sea/Ocean Ports Development of AI-based energy data platform for optimization of energy supply, AI-based intelligent power generation with solar management Enhancement of AI-based big-data monitoring for underground water pollution and weather forecasting system With the progress in AI, the Korean Government is developing the 5G Core Network to make AI-Based automation solutions Within the plan report, the creation of Smart Farm Innovation Valley with Aqua Farm 4.0 has been proposed for development by 2022 which will apply AI with data analysis on the entire farming cycle [32]