Table 4.
Effect of fermented red bean extract (NRBE) on reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), advanced glycation end-product (AGEs), and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in kidneys of diabetic rats.
| Group | NC | DC | L | M | H |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROS (% of control) | 100 ± 0.0 | 152.5 ± 14.3*a | 102.4 ± 8.7b | 76.8 ± 10.4b | 85.3 ± 10.46b |
| GSH (μM/mg protein) | 43.3 ± 4.7 | 15.0 ± 2.6*a | 25.4 ± 2.2b | 24.1 ± 2.3b | 26.0 ± 1.3b |
| AGEs (μg/mg protein) | 347.5 ± 55.2 | 568.9 ± 32.0*a | 332.3 ± 36.1b | 287.2 ± 28.7b | 327.5 ± 44.6b |
| GPx (nmol/min/mg protein) | 0.19 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.2*a | 0.4 ± 0.1b | 0.31 ± 0.1b | 0.09 ± 0.0b |
| SOD (U/mg protein) | 4.7 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.4*a | 4.0 ± 0.4a | 4.5 ± 0.9b | 2.3 ± 0.3a |
1Values are mean ± SEM, 8 rats per group.
2NC: normal control, DC: diabetic control, L: diabetes with low dose of NRBE (100 mg/kg BW), M: diabetes with medium dose of NRBE (200 mg/kg BW), H: diabetes with high dose of NRBE (500 mg/kg BW).
*
Significantly different with NC at p < 0.05.
a~b
Means not sharing a common superscript in the same row are significantly different at p < 0.05.