Table 4.

Ongoing clinical trials of therapeutic drugs for SARS-CoV-2

Drugs	Role	References
Antiviral Medications (Blockage of the virus entry)
Chloroquine & Hydroxychloroquine	Block virus infection by increasing endosomal pH Reduce the viral copy number of SARS-CoV-2 Combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin demonstrated positive effect	[144] [132]
Viral RNA synthesis inhibitors
Remdesivir	Antiviral activities against the single stranded RNA viruses Inhibit the infection and pathology of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-II	[145] [146]
Favipiravir	Functions as an inhibitor of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase by structurally resembling the endogenous guanine	[147]
Lopinavir—ritonavir combination	Inhibiting HIV-1 protease for protein cleavage, resulting in non-infectious, immature viral particles	[148] [149] [150]
Ivermectin	Anti-parasitic agent Reduce viral RNA up to 5000-fold after 48 h of infection with SARS-CoV-2	[151] [152] [153]
Darunavir	Anti-retroviral protease inhibitor uses in combination drugs such as ritonavir or cobicistat	[154] [155]
Blocking Virus–Cell Membrane Fusion
Recombinant Human Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (rhACE2)	Blocking the S protein of SARS-CoV2 from interacting with the cellular ACE2 rhACE2 could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in cellular and embryonic stem decreased serum level of angiotensin II	[156]
Arbidol Hydrochloride (Umifenovir)	Entry inhibitor against influenza viruses and arboviruses	[157] [158]