Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics
| Aerobic exercise (n = 16) | Treatment as usual (n = 17) | t/X2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 36.56 (10.37) | 37.24 (9.85) | .19 | .85 |
| Sex (% female) | 37% | 35% | .02 | .89 |
| Ethnicity (% Hispanic) | 43% | 29% | .69 | .39 |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 2 (13%) | 6 (35%) | 2.97 | .40 |
| Black/African–American | 6 (37%) | 6 (35%) | ||
| Asian | 2 (13%) | 2 (12%) | ||
| More than one race | 6 (37%) | 3 (18%) | ||
| Symptoms | ||||
| Positive (SAPS global total) | 3.77 (3.37) | 3.46 (2.93) | .25 | .81 |
| Negative (SANS global total) | 9.73 (4.24) | 8.54 (4.41) | .67 | .51 |
| Depression (BDI total) | 7.81 (7.69) | 7.23 (8.57) | .20 | .84 |
| Anxiety (BAI total) | 4.56 (4.40) | 5.82 (6.83) | .63 | .54 |
| Medications | ||||
| Antipsychotics (Chlorpromazine Equival.) | 258.85 (232.51) | 439.73 (362.78) | 1.69 | .10 |
| Antidepressants (% yes) | 44% | 35% | .25 | .62 |
| SSRIs (% yes) | 31% | 23% | .25 | .62 |
| Social functioning | ||||
| Self-report (PSRS) | 34.00 (15.13) | 29.76 (9.67) | .96 | .34 |
| Informant (SLOF Interpersonal Total) | 4.75 (2.52) | 3.65 (2.76) | 1.20 | .24 |
| Clinician (SANS Item #20) | 2.06 (1.39) | 1.76 (1.44) | .61 | .55 |
| Social Network (QLS Item #5) | 3.56 (1.46) | 4.00 (1.94) | .73 | .47 |
| Aerobic Fitness (VO2 peak ml/kg/min) | 21.21 (7.69) | 22.88 (4.41) | .77 | .45 |
| Body Mass Index | 31.60 (6.57) | 30.75 (5.51) | .40 | .69 |
n = 33 (schizophrenia = 26; schizoaffective disorder = 7); SAPS, Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms; SANS, Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; SSRI, Serotonin-Specific Reuptake Inhibitor; PSRS, Provision of Social Relations Scale; SLOF, Specific Level of Functioning—Informant version; SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; QLS, Quality of Life Scale; VO2peak – maximum oxygen consumption