Table 5.

Comparison between clusters of actions, concerns, lifestyle behaviours, depression and well-being scores, impact on health management, and use of platforms for health management. numeric variables were compared using t-test, binary variables were compared using proportions z-test

		Negative Cluster	Positive Cluster	Test result	P value
Actions	Social distancing	303	188	0.83	0.41
	Self-isolation	202	104	−1.72	0.09
	Wearing protective apparel	127	81	0.55	0.58
	Online shopping	187	117	0.53	0.60
	Shielding	109	64	−0.14	0.89
	All above	51	26	−0.71	0.48
Concerns	Becoming infected	7.72	7.05	−3.29	<0.01
	Severe illness or death	7.88	7.25	−2.82	0.01
	Spreading COVID-19 to others	7.12	6.76	−1.44	0.15
	Access to healthcare	6.06	4.97	−4.28	<0.01
	Appropriate care if infected	6.88	5.76	−4.22	<0.01
	Worse care compared with low-risk individuals	6.02	5.05	−3.23	<0.01
Lifestyle	Shopping	3.31	3.22	−1.16	0.25
	Diet	1.75	1.41	−3.72	<0.01
	Alcohol consumption	0.05	0.09	0.62	0.53
	Physical activity (amount)	−0.78	−0.28	5.25	<0.01
	Physical activity(type)	0.75	0.78	0.8	0.43
	Sleep	1.93	1.37	−5.15	<0.01
	Smoking (indicated yes)	0.05	0.01	−2.81	0.01
	Smoking (impact)	0.15	0	−0.16	0.87
	E-cigarettes (indicated yes)	0.04	0.03	−1.14	0.25
	E-cigarettes (impact)	0.53	0.33	−0.48	0.64
	Recreational drugs (indicated yes)	0.02	0.02	−0.07	0.94
	Recreational drugs (impact)	0.29	0	−0.37	0.72
Depression	PHQ-9 score	9.16	5.49	−7.63	<0.01
Well-being	WEMWBS score	42.23	49.36	8.29	<0.01
Change to healthcare support	General management	398	237	−1.29	0.2
	Appointments	311	161	−2.93	<0.01
	Medication	146	75	−1.33	0.19
	Elective surgery	50	36	0.91	0.36
	Communications platform	84	44	−0.8	0.43
	Clinician	91	50	−0.55	0.59
	Other	50	21	−1.45	0.15
	No change	55	60	3.61	<0.01
Platforms used to receive care	Social media	23	19	1.08	0.28
	Mobile phone app	34	34	2.27	0.02
	Email	60	35	−0.13	0.90
	Telephone	219	111	−2.05	0.04
	Virtual consultation	43	23	−0.46	0.65
	Other	18	18	1.61	0.11
	No new platforms	118	79	0.94	0.35
	Still face-to-face	18	9	−0.45	0.65
	Satisfied with platforms	0.39	0.7	3.32	<0.01
	Satisfied with information	0.33	0.64	3.46	<0.01
	Continue using in the future	186	124	1.31	0.19

Test results and p values were rounded to two decimal places.

PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire; WEMWBS, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale.