TABLE 1.
Background characteristics of study women in Tanzania
| Characteristic | N | Values |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | ||
| Maternal age (years) | 868 | 31.5 ± 7.7 |
| 18–24 | — | 200 (23.0) |
| 25–34 | — | 354 (40.8) |
| ≥35 | — | 314 (36.2) |
| Marital status | 868 | — |
| Married | — | 672 (77.4) |
| Single, divorced or widowed | — | 196 (22.6) |
| BMI | 862 | — |
| Mean ± SD | — | 24.4 ± 5.0 |
| Underweight, BMI <18.5 | — | 59 (6.7) |
| Normal weight, BMI 18.5–24.99 | — | 481 (55.8) |
| Overweight, BMI 25–29.99 | — | 209 (24.3) |
| Obese, BMI ≥30 | — | 113 (13.1) |
| Maternal education | 868 | — |
| None | — | 293 (33.8) |
| Primary school | — | 499 (57.5) |
| Secondary school or higher | — | 76 (8.8) |
| Paternal education | 689 | — |
| None | — | 169 (24.5) |
| Primary school | — | 421 (61.1) |
| Secondary school or higher | — | 99 (14.4) |
| Parity | 868 | — |
| 1 child or none | — | 166 (19.1) |
| 2 or more children | — | 702 (80.9) |
| Household | ||
| Size of household | 868 | 6.5 ± 2.6 |
| Wealth quintile score | 868 | — |
| First/lowest | — | 173 (19.9) |
| Second | — | 231 (26.6) |
| Third | — | 109 (12.6) |
| Fourth | — | 182 (21.0) |
| Fifth/highest | — | 173 (19.9) |
| Food expenditure, Tanzanian shillings | 821 | 7327 ± 4166 |
| Plot size, acres | 711 | 3.4 ± 3.7 |
| Ownership of livestock | ||
| Chickens | 288 | 9.3 ± 14.4 |
| Goats | 288 | 1.0 ± 3.6 |
| Sold at least 1 crop | 870 | 442 (50.8) |
| Women's participation in nonfarm economic activities | 868 | 252 (29.0) |
| Woman received wages or salaried employment | 868 | 136 (15.7) |
| Distance to market, km | 878 | 1.1 [0.8–1.7] |
| Market food diversity | 870 | 7.5 [7.5–8.0] |
| Food crop diversity | 870 | 2.0 [1.0–3.0] |
| PDQS median | 870 | 19.0 [17.0–21.0] |
Values are mean ± SD, median [IQR], or frequency (percent). N = 870. Abbreviation: PDQS, prime diet quality score.