Table 1.
Demographics and Comorbidity data of full sample.
| Full sample | Gender | t(df) a /χ 2 b | p | d | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females | Males | |||||
| (N = 133) | (N = 100) | (N = 33) | ||||
| Age (years) | 22.17 (2.63) | 21.77 (2.52) | 23.38 (2.61) | −3.17 (131) a [0.60/2.62] | 0.002 | 0.06 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.81 (1.02) | 18.68 (0.98) Range: 15.99–20.89 | 19.23 (1.04) Range: 17.53–21.91 | −2.74 (131) a [0.15/0.95] | 0.007 | 0.06 |
| Education level | 18.84 (2) b | <0.001 | 0.81 | |||
| High school | 4 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (12.1) | |||
| University | 112 (84.2) | 91 (91.0) | 21 (63.6) | |||
| Graduate | 17 (12.8) | 9 (9.0) | 8 (24.2) | |||
| School | ||||||
| Employment | 0.74 (1) b | 0.390 | 0.15 | |||
| Unemployed | 115 (86.5) | 85 (85.0) | 30 (90.9) | |||
| Employed | 18 (13.5) | 15 (15.0) | 3 (9.1) | |||
| Income (SAR) | 10.12 (3) b | 0.018 | 0.57 | |||
| 0 | 115 (86.5) | 85 (85.0) | 30 (90.9) | |||
| 1–100 | 2 (1.5) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| 101–200 | 12 (9) | 12 (12.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| 201–300 | 4 (3) | 1 (1.0) | 3 (9.1) | |||
| Children | 2.88 (1) b | 0.090 | 0.30 | |||
| No | 130 (97.7) | 99 (99.0) | 31 (93.9) | |||
| Yes | 3 (2.3) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (6.1) | |||
| Marital status | 2.44 (2) b | 0.295 | 0.27 | |||
| Single | 126 (94.7) | 96 (96.0) | 30 (90.0) | |||
| Married | 6 (4.5) | 3 (3.0) | 3 (9.1) | |||
| Divorced | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| DASS | ||||||
| Depression | 15.82 (3.70) | 17.54 (2.05) | 10.61 (2.47) | 16.00 (131) a [6.07/7.79] | <0.001 | 3.21 |
| Anxiety | 13.70 (2.11) | 13.58 (1.93) | 14.06 (2.57) | −0.99 (44.55) a | 0.330 | 0.02 |
| Stress | 15.93 (2.27) | 15.12 (1.59) | 18.39 (2.26) | [−0.46/1.22]−9.17 (131) a | <0.001 | 1.84 |
| Total | 45.45 (3.65) | 46.24 (3.23) | 43.06 (3.86) | [2.56/3.98] 4.67 (131)
a
[1.83/4.53] |
<0.001 | 0.94 |
Test statistics.
a
Independent sample t-test comparing males and females.
b
Chi square comparing males and females.
DASS, depression, anxiety and stress scale (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995); SAR, Saudi Riyal; for information, 1 SAR = US$0.27. Applying the Bonferroni correction, significance was assumed based on a corrected alpha of 0.005.