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Acoustic dissimilarity of dyads that belong to (a) different gangs or the same gang and (b) different parties or the same party within a gang. Lower dissimilarity values indicate higher acoustic similarity. Light grey dots represent dyadic values, black dots the mean with 95% confidence interval. Calls from males in the same gang and the same party were on average more similar to each other than between gangs or parties. (Online version in colour.)
